{"title":"变化的回声：新常态下空气质量与健康的动态变化","authors":"Muskan Agarwal, Isha Goyal, Gunjan Goswami, Simran Bamola, Anita Lakhani","doi":"10.1007/s11869-024-01647-7","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Traditional air pollution monitoring has often centered on human health, sidelining sustainable development considerations. In response, the present study expands the scope by investigating urban air quality and its effect on health, employing sensor-based devices and modeling techniques. The investigation specifically delves into the shift from the \"Normal\" (2019) to the \"New Normal\" (2021) in the urban cities of Indo-Gangetic Plain (Agra, Delhi, Faridabad, Ghaziabad, Kanpur, Lucknow, and Noida), India. The cities like Delhi, Faridabad, Ghaziabad, Kanpur, Lucknow, and Noida and experienced a decrease in annual average PM<sub>2.5</sub> concentration by 11, 7, 14, 7, 4, and 17%, respectively, however, Agra experienced 9% increase in year 2020, while in year 2021, Delhi, Faridabad, and Ghaziabad had an increase of 7, 11, 7, and 2% respectively, whereas Agra, Kanpur, and Lucknow experienced decreases of 2, 7, and 11%. Gaseous pollutants were higher in 2020, except for NO<sub>2</sub> due to restrict movement. Temperature, humidity, and solar radiation increased in most cities, while wind speed decreased in all cities except Ghaziabad and Lucknow. The wind rose and pollution rose plots indicated long-range pollution transport from multiple directions. Negative correlations between wind speed (WS) and PM<sub>2.5</sub> were observed in Agra, Delhi, Ghaziabad, and Kanpur (r = -0.5 to -0.6) during 2020–2021. Similarly, WS showed negative correlations with NO<sub>2</sub> in Kanpur (r = -0.6) and with CO in Agra and Ghaziabad (r = -0.5 to -0.6). These correlations indicate that higher wind speeds aid in dispersing and transporting these pollutants. The AirQ + health assessment revealed a significant number of fatalities in 2019, a reduction in 2020, and an increase in 2021, highlighting a strong correlation between PM<sub>2.5</sub> levels and mortality. This insight, gained through innovative technologies and analytical methods, guides policymakers, environmentalists, and public health officials in managing long-term air quality in the \"New Normal\".</p><h3>Graphical Abstract</h3>\n<div><figure><div><div><picture><source><img></source></picture></div></div></figure></div></div>","PeriodicalId":49109,"journal":{"name":"Air Quality Atmosphere and Health","volume":"18 2","pages":"381 - 400"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9000,"publicationDate":"2024-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":"0","resultStr":"{\"title\":\"Echoes of change: dynamics of air quality and health in the new normal\",\"authors\":\"Muskan Agarwal, Isha Goyal, Gunjan Goswami, Simran Bamola, Anita Lakhani\",\"doi\":\"10.1007/s11869-024-01647-7\",\"DOIUrl\":null,\"url\":null,\"abstract\":\"<div><p>Traditional air pollution monitoring has often centered on human health, sidelining sustainable development considerations. In response, the present study expands the scope by investigating urban air quality and its effect on health, employing sensor-based devices and modeling techniques. The investigation specifically delves into the shift from the \\\"Normal\\\" (2019) to the \\\"New Normal\\\" (2021) in the urban cities of Indo-Gangetic Plain (Agra, Delhi, Faridabad, Ghaziabad, Kanpur, Lucknow, and Noida), India. The cities like Delhi, Faridabad, Ghaziabad, Kanpur, Lucknow, and Noida and experienced a decrease in annual average PM<sub>2.5</sub> concentration by 11, 7, 14, 7, 4, and 17%, respectively, however, Agra experienced 9% increase in year 2020, while in year 2021, Delhi, Faridabad, and Ghaziabad had an increase of 7, 11, 7, and 2% respectively, whereas Agra, Kanpur, and Lucknow experienced decreases of 2, 7, and 11%. Gaseous pollutants were higher in 2020, except for NO<sub>2</sub> due to restrict movement. Temperature, humidity, and solar radiation increased in most cities, while wind speed decreased in all cities except Ghaziabad and Lucknow. The wind rose and pollution rose plots indicated long-range pollution transport from multiple directions. Negative correlations between wind speed (WS) and PM<sub>2.5</sub> were observed in Agra, Delhi, Ghaziabad, and Kanpur (r = -0.5 to -0.6) during 2020–2021. Similarly, WS showed negative correlations with NO<sub>2</sub> in Kanpur (r = -0.6) and with CO in Agra and Ghaziabad (r = -0.5 to -0.6). These correlations indicate that higher wind speeds aid in dispersing and transporting these pollutants. The AirQ + health assessment revealed a significant number of fatalities in 2019, a reduction in 2020, and an increase in 2021, highlighting a strong correlation between PM<sub>2.5</sub> levels and mortality. This insight, gained through innovative technologies and analytical methods, guides policymakers, environmentalists, and public health officials in managing long-term air quality in the \\\"New Normal\\\".</p><h3>Graphical Abstract</h3>\\n<div><figure><div><div><picture><source><img></source></picture></div></div></figure></div></div>\",\"PeriodicalId\":49109,\"journal\":{\"name\":\"Air Quality Atmosphere and Health\",\"volume\":\"18 2\",\"pages\":\"381 - 400\"},\"PeriodicalIF\":2.9000,\"publicationDate\":\"2024-09-30\",\"publicationTypes\":\"Journal Article\",\"fieldsOfStudy\":null,\"isOpenAccess\":false,\"openAccessPdf\":\"\",\"citationCount\":\"0\",\"resultStr\":null,\"platform\":\"Semanticscholar\",\"paperid\":null,\"PeriodicalName\":\"Air Quality Atmosphere and Health\",\"FirstCategoryId\":\"93\",\"ListUrlMain\":\"https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s11869-024-01647-7\",\"RegionNum\":4,\"RegionCategory\":\"环境科学与生态学\",\"ArticlePicture\":[],\"TitleCN\":null,\"AbstractTextCN\":null,\"PMCID\":null,\"EPubDate\":\"\",\"PubModel\":\"\",\"JCR\":\"Q3\",\"JCRName\":\"ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES\",\"Score\":null,\"Total\":0}","platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":null,"PeriodicalName":"Air Quality Atmosphere and Health","FirstCategoryId":"93","ListUrlMain":"https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s11869-024-01647-7","RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":null,"EPubDate":"","PubModel":"","JCR":"Q3","JCRName":"ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES","Score":null,"Total":0}
Echoes of change: dynamics of air quality and health in the new normal
Traditional air pollution monitoring has often centered on human health, sidelining sustainable development considerations. In response, the present study expands the scope by investigating urban air quality and its effect on health, employing sensor-based devices and modeling techniques. The investigation specifically delves into the shift from the "Normal" (2019) to the "New Normal" (2021) in the urban cities of Indo-Gangetic Plain (Agra, Delhi, Faridabad, Ghaziabad, Kanpur, Lucknow, and Noida), India. The cities like Delhi, Faridabad, Ghaziabad, Kanpur, Lucknow, and Noida and experienced a decrease in annual average PM2.5 concentration by 11, 7, 14, 7, 4, and 17%, respectively, however, Agra experienced 9% increase in year 2020, while in year 2021, Delhi, Faridabad, and Ghaziabad had an increase of 7, 11, 7, and 2% respectively, whereas Agra, Kanpur, and Lucknow experienced decreases of 2, 7, and 11%. Gaseous pollutants were higher in 2020, except for NO2 due to restrict movement. Temperature, humidity, and solar radiation increased in most cities, while wind speed decreased in all cities except Ghaziabad and Lucknow. The wind rose and pollution rose plots indicated long-range pollution transport from multiple directions. Negative correlations between wind speed (WS) and PM2.5 were observed in Agra, Delhi, Ghaziabad, and Kanpur (r = -0.5 to -0.6) during 2020–2021. Similarly, WS showed negative correlations with NO2 in Kanpur (r = -0.6) and with CO in Agra and Ghaziabad (r = -0.5 to -0.6). These correlations indicate that higher wind speeds aid in dispersing and transporting these pollutants. The AirQ + health assessment revealed a significant number of fatalities in 2019, a reduction in 2020, and an increase in 2021, highlighting a strong correlation between PM2.5 levels and mortality. This insight, gained through innovative technologies and analytical methods, guides policymakers, environmentalists, and public health officials in managing long-term air quality in the "New Normal".
期刊介绍：
Air Quality, Atmosphere, and Health is a multidisciplinary journal which, by its very name, illustrates the broad range of work it publishes and which focuses on atmospheric consequences of human activities and their implications for human and ecological health.
It offers research papers, critical literature reviews and commentaries, as well as special issues devoted to topical subjects or themes.
International in scope, the journal presents papers that inform and stimulate a global readership, as the topic addressed are global in their import. Consequently, we do not encourage submission of papers involving local data that relate to local problems. Unless they demonstrate wide applicability, these are better submitted to national or regional journals.
Air Quality, Atmosphere & Health addresses such topics as acid precipitation; airborne particulate matter; air quality monitoring and management; exposure assessment; risk assessment; indoor air quality; atmospheric chemistry; atmospheric modeling and prediction; air pollution climatology; climate change and air quality; air pollution measurement; atmospheric impact assessment; forest-fire emissions; atmospheric science; greenhouse gases; health and ecological effects; clean air technology; regional and global change and satellite measurements.
This journal benefits a diverse audience of researchers, public health officials and policy makers addressing problems that call for solutions based in evidence from atmospheric and exposure assessment scientists, epidemiologists, and risk assessors. Publication in the journal affords the opportunity to reach beyond defined disciplinary niches to this broader readership.
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