{"title":"Canonical electrodynamics and continuous symmetries in discrete reductions","authors":"Adam J. Higuet, B.A. Shadwick","doi":"10.1016/j.nima.2025.170386","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In reducing the Low Lagrangian to a finite system for numerical computation it is generally the case that basic physical properties such as momentum and charge conservation are lost. Using a macro-particle reduction of the phase space distribution function we explore the conservation properties of continuous and discrete systems; we see that charge and momentum conservation rely on properties of the continuous system that are effected differently by the method of discretization. We present here three discretization schemes which preserve, respectively, the symmetries needed to conserve neither charge nor momentum, only momentum but not charge, and both charge and momentum.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19359,"journal":{"name":"Nuclear Instruments & Methods in Physics Research Section A-accelerators Spectrometers Detectors and Associated Equipment","volume":"1075 ","pages":"Article 170386"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5000,"publicationDate":"2025-03-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":"0","resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":null,"PeriodicalName":"Nuclear Instruments & Methods in Physics Research Section A-accelerators Spectrometers Detectors and Associated Equipment","FirstCategoryId":"101","ListUrlMain":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0168900225001871","RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":null,"EPubDate":"","PubModel":"","JCR":"Q3","JCRName":"INSTRUMENTS & INSTRUMENTATION","Score":null,"Total":0}
Canonical electrodynamics and continuous symmetries in discrete reductions
In reducing the Low Lagrangian to a finite system for numerical computation it is generally the case that basic physical properties such as momentum and charge conservation are lost. Using a macro-particle reduction of the phase space distribution function we explore the conservation properties of continuous and discrete systems; we see that charge and momentum conservation rely on properties of the continuous system that are effected differently by the method of discretization. We present here three discretization schemes which preserve, respectively, the symmetries needed to conserve neither charge nor momentum, only momentum but not charge, and both charge and momentum.
期刊介绍:
Section A of Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research publishes papers on design, manufacturing and performance of scientific instruments with an emphasis on large scale facilities. This includes the development of particle accelerators, ion sources, beam transport systems and target arrangements as well as the use of secondary phenomena such as synchrotron radiation and free electron lasers. It also includes all types of instrumentation for the detection and spectrometry of radiations from high energy processes and nuclear decays, as well as instrumentation for experiments at nuclear reactors. Specialized electronics for nuclear and other types of spectrometry as well as computerization of measurements and control systems in this area also find their place in the A section.
Theoretical as well as experimental papers are accepted.