Advances in multi-omics studies of microvascular invasion in hepatocellular carcinoma.

Microvascular invasion (MVI) represents a pivotal independent prognostic factor for the recurrence of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) after surgery. It contributes to early intervention for potentially recurrent HCC to enhance patient outcomes and increase survival rates. Traditionally, the diagnosis of MVI has relied on postoperative pathological analysis, and accurate preoperative detection methodologies are lacking. Recent research suggests that multi-omics strategies play a role in definitively diagnosing MVI before surgery and offering personalized selection for clinical decision-making in HCC management. This review meticulously examines a multi-omics approach for the preoperative prediction of MVI in HCC patients, aiming to innovate diagnostic paradigms to anticipate postsurgical recurrence, thereby facilitating earlier and more personalized therapeutic strategies.