国家卫生研究院“我们所有人”研究项目中食品不安全与慢性眼病之间的关系

IF 3.2 Q1 OPHTHALMOLOGY

Ophthalmology science Pub Date : 2024-12-30 DOI:10.1016/j.xops.2024.100697

Ramin Talebi BS , Fei Yu PhD , Victoria L. Tseng MD, PhD , Anne L. Coleman MD, PhD

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引用次数: 0

摘要

粮食不安全是视力障碍的潜在风险因素；然而，它与特定眼病的关系尚不清楚。本研究旨在探讨食品不安全与慢性眼病（包括青光眼、年龄相关性黄斑变性（AMD）、糖尿病性视网膜病变（DR）和白内障）之间的关系。参与者：我们所有人（AoU）研究计划的参与者，他们有电子健康记录数据，并回答了有关食品不安全的调查问题。使用多变量逻辑回归来检验食品不安全与每种眼病之间的关系。主要结局指标：主要结局包括青光眼、黄斑变性、DR或白内障，根据国际疾病分类第9次和第10次修订代码。结果共有78 694名受试者纳入研究人群。其中，9732人（12.4%）报告食物不安全，2095人（2.7%）患有青光眼，1398人（1.8%）患有AMD， 1127人（1.4%）患有DR， 10135人（12.9%）患有白内障。与没有食物不安全的参与者相比，食物不安全的参与者患青光眼的几率明显更高（校正优势比[aOR]: 1.43, 95%可信区间[CI]: 1.18-1.72, P≤0.001），但患AMD （aOR: 0.91, 95% CI: 0.67-1.21, P = 0.544）、DR （aOR: 1.15, 95% CI: 0.93-1.42, P = 0.180）和白内障（aOR: 0.97, 95% CI: 0.87-1.08, P = 0.635）的几率则明显更高。结论：在AoU研究项目中，本研究发现食物不安全与青光眼之间存在正相关关系。进一步的研究应侧重于了解这种关联的特定疾病机制。健康筛查的充分社会决定因素和人口干预措施，以改善健康食品选择的稳定获取，可能对降低眼病风险至关重要。财务披露专有或商业披露可在本文末尾的脚注和披露中找到。

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Association between Food Insecurity and Chronic Eye Disease in the National Institutes of Health's All of Us Research Program

Purpose

Food insecurity is a potential risk factor for visual impairment; however, its association with specific eye diseases remains unknown. This study aims to examine the association between food insecurity and chronic eye diseases including glaucoma, age-related macular degeneration (AMD), diabetic retinopathy (DR), and cataracts.

Design

Cross-sectional.

Participants

Participants of the All of Us (AoU) Research Program, who had electronic health record data and responded to survey questions regarding food insecurity.

Methods

Population-based. Multivariable logistic regression was used to examine associations between food insecurity and each eye disease.

Main Outcome Measure(s)

Primary outcomes included glaucoma, AMD, DR, or cataracts, based on the International Classification of Disease, 9th and 10th Revision codes.

Results

A total of 78 694 participants were included in the study population. Of these, 9732 (12.4%) reported food insecurity, 2095 (2.7%) had glaucoma, 1398 (1.8%) had AMD, 1127 (1.4%) had DR, and 10 135 (12.9%) had cataracts. Compared with those without food insecurity, participants with food insecurity had significantly higher odds of glaucoma (adjusted odds ratio [aOR]: 1.43, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.18–1.72, P ≤ 0.001) but not of AMD (aOR: 0.91, 95% CI: 0.67–1.21, P = 0.544), DR (aOR: 1.15, 95% CI: 0.93–1.42, P = 0.180), or cataracts (aOR: 0.97, 95% CI: 0.87–1.08, P = 0.635).

Conclusions

This study found a positive association between food insecurity and glaucoma in the AoU Research Program. Further research should focus on understanding disease-specific mechanisms for this association. Adequate social determinants of health screening and population interventions to improve stable access to healthy food options may prove vital for reducing the risk of eye disease.