优化肥料循环利用，满足作物养分需求，减少养分流失——以衢州为例

IF 6.1 1区农林科学 Q1 AGRICULTURE, MULTIDISCIPLINARY

Agricultural Systems Pub Date : 2025-03-13 DOI:10.1016/j.agsy.2025.104321

Weikang Sun , Gerard H. Ros , Qichao Zhu , Donghao Xu , Yong Hou , Wim de Vries

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引用次数: 0

摘要

中国粪便的平均循环利用率低于40%，这意味着粪便中一半以上的营养物质流失到环境中。减少氮磷肥损失对环境的污染，加强粪肥循环利用，减少氮磷肥投入至关重要。粪肥提供养分，并减少因钾、钙和镁含量高而导致的土壤酸化。目的考虑作物养分需求和环境影响，利用考虑土壤磷肥力、氮向空气和水流失以及土壤酸化的土壤养分平衡，优化区域粪肥循环利用。方法通过计算作物养分需要量，确定最佳肥料循环利用率，同时尽量减少土壤氮磷过剩和土壤酸化。该方法应用于衢州，一个典型的由六个县组成的中国城市。结果与结论结果表明，目前的粪肥投入满足了衢州市除氮和钾外的几乎所有作物养分需求。粪肥充分循环提供了充足的作物除氮以外的养分。粪肥充分循环与氮素利用效率（NUE）的提高相结合，氮素投入的下降减少了46%的氮素损失，其中36%是由于氮素利用效率的提高，10%是由于粪肥循环的加强。然而，由于土壤磷含量相对较高，基于积累和维持方法（称为最优回收）计算的粪便循环利用的长期潜力仅为50%左右。在短期内，使所有土壤达到最佳磷水平的总剂量分别为20年和10年，这一百分比分别为68%和100%。县域间最优粪肥循环利用率的差异取决于当地粪肥资源的可利用性、耕地面积和土壤磷含量。结果表明，有4个县的最优回收比高于现行比率，2个县低于现行比率。虽然较高的区域粪肥再循环率通常会减少N损失并抵消土壤酸化，但考虑到土壤P的状况，这些比率是最大的，强调需要最大的粪肥生产水平。意义本研究表明，当土壤磷含量高时，粪肥循环的增强受到限制，从而减少所需的磷投入，以避免对水质产生潜在的不利影响。促进区域粪肥循环利用的政策应考虑磷肥的环境空间。

本文章由计算机程序翻译，如有差异，请以英文原文为准。

Optimization of manure recycling and fertilizer use to meet crop nutrient demands and reduce nutrient losses, a case study in Quzhou, China

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Optimization of manure recycling and fertilizer use to meet crop nutrient demands and reduce nutrient losses, a case study in Quzhou, China

CONTEXT

The average manure recycling ratio in China is lower than 40 %, implying that over half of the nutrients in manure is lost to the environment. To reduce environmental pollution caused by nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) losses, it is crucial to enhance manure recycling and reduce N and P fertilizer inputs. Manure provides nutrients and reduces soil acidification due to high levels of potassium (K), calcium (Ca) and magnesium (Mg).

OBJECTIVE

The study aims to optimize regional manure recycling in view of crop nutrient demands and environmental impacts, using soil nutrient balances accounting for soil P fertility, N losses to air and water and soil acidification.

METHODS

We identified optimal manure recycling ratios by calculating required crop nutrient demands while minimizing soil N and P surpluses and soil acidification. The approach was applied to Quzhou, a typical Chinese city consisting of six counties.

RESULTS AND CONCLUSIONS

Results show that current manure inputs satisfy almost all crop nutrient demands in Quzhou city except for N and K. Full manure recycling provides sufficient crop nutrients except for N. Combining full manure recycling with an attainable increase in N use efficiency (NUE) and an associated decline in N inputs reduced N losses by 46 %, of which 36 % is due to the NUE increase and 10 % due to enhanced manure recycling. Due to the relatively high soil P status, however, the calculated long-term potential for manure recycling based on the build-up and maintenance approach, called optimal recycling, was only ca 50 %. In the short term, this percentage equaled 68 % and 100 % when the total dose to bring all soils to optimum P levels was spread over 20 or 10 years, respectively. Differences in optimal manure recycling ratios among the counties depended on the availability of local manure resources, cultivated crop areas and soil P status. Consequently, optimal recycling ratios were higher than current ratios in four counties and lower in two counties. Although a higher regional manure recycling rate generally reduced N losses and counteracted soil acidification, these ratios were maximized in view of the soil P status, underscoring the need for maximum manure production levels.

SIGNIFICANCE

This study shows that enhancing manure recycling is limited when soils have a high P status, thereby reducing the required P input to avoid potential adverse impacts on water quality. The environmental space for P should be considered in policies promoting regional manure recycling.

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来源期刊

Agricultural Systems 农林科学-农业综合

CiteScore

13.30

自引率

7.60%

发文量

174

审稿时长

30 days

期刊介绍： Agricultural Systems is an international journal that deals with interactions - among the components of agricultural systems, among hierarchical levels of agricultural systems, between agricultural and other land use systems, and between agricultural systems and their natural, social and economic environments. The scope includes the development and application of systems analysis methodologies in the following areas: Systems approaches in the sustainable intensification of agriculture; pathways for sustainable intensification; crop-livestock integration; farm-level resource allocation; quantification of benefits and trade-offs at farm to landscape levels; integrative, participatory and dynamic modelling approaches for qualitative and quantitative assessments of agricultural systems and decision making; The interactions between agricultural and non-agricultural landscapes; the multiple services of agricultural systems; food security and the environment; Global change and adaptation science; transformational adaptations as driven by changes in climate, policy, values and attitudes influencing the design of farming systems; Development and application of farming systems design tools and methods for impact, scenario and case study analysis; managing the complexities of dynamic agricultural systems; innovation systems and multi stakeholder arrangements that support or promote change and (or) inform policy decisions.