锂离子电池阴极直接回收技术的进展：克服阴极再生的挑战

IF 31.6 1区材料科学 Q1 MATERIALS SCIENCE, MULTIDISCIPLINARY

Materials Science and Engineering: R: Reports Pub Date : 2025-03-13 DOI:10.1016/j.mser.2025.100976

Subramanian Natarajan , Suguru Noda

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引用次数: 0

摘要

锂离子电池（LIB）目前在能源存储领域占据主导地位，在其使用寿命结束时会产生大量宝贵的废弃资源，并带来额外的回收挑战和环境危害。新兴的直接回收技术通过简化工艺使废电极材料重新焕发活力，并在节能和减少碳足迹方面超越了传统的火法冶金和湿法冶金技术，从而提供了前景广阔的解决方案。在全球范围内，高价值正极材料的再生尤其引人关注，因为它可以在相同的电池应用中重复使用，减少对原材料的依赖，减轻全球供应链的负担。因此，本综述分析了当前在直接回收技术方面的研究，特别是在不破坏结构的情况下恢复阴极性能的再锂化技术，以及顺序提取步骤和直接再利用技术。针对不同的阴极化学性质，详细讨论了化学再锂化、电化学再锂化、固态烧结和熔盐等直接再循环技术的进展。最后，还讨论了直接再循环技术所面临的挑战，以促进工业级再生工艺的发展。

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Advancements in direct recycling technologies for lithium-ion battery cathodes: Overcoming challenges in cathode regeneration

Lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) currently dominate the energy storage landscape, generating a substantial volume of valuable waste resources at the end of their life and presenting additional recycling challenges and environmental hazards. Emerging direct recycling technologies offer promising solutions by rejuvenating spent electrode materials through simplified processes and surpassing traditional pyrometallurgical and hydrometallurgical technologies in terms of energy savings and carbon footprint reduction. The regeneration of high-value cathode materials has become especially interesting worldwide for reuse in the same battery applications, reducing dependence on raw materials and alleviating global supply chain burdens. Therefore, this review analyzes the current research in direct recycling technology, particularly relithiation techniques for restoring cathode performance without structural destruction, and sequential extraction steps and reuse in a straightforward manner. Advancements in direct recycling technologies such as chemical relithiation, electrochemical relithiation, solid-state sintering, and molten salts are discussed in detail for different cathode chemistries. Finally, the challenges present in direct recycling technologies are addressed to promote the regeneration process at an industrial level.

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来源期刊

Materials Science and Engineering: R: Reports 工程技术-材料科学：综合

CiteScore

60.50

自引率

0.30%

发文量

审稿时长

34 days

期刊介绍： Materials Science & Engineering R: Reports is a journal that covers a wide range of topics in the field of materials science and engineering. It publishes both experimental and theoretical research papers, providing background information and critical assessments on various topics. The journal aims to publish high-quality and novel research papers and reviews. The subject areas covered by the journal include Materials Science (General), Electronic Materials, Optical Materials, and Magnetic Materials. In addition to regular issues, the journal also publishes special issues on key themes in the field of materials science, including Energy Materials, Materials for Health, Materials Discovery, Innovation for High Value Manufacturing, and Sustainable Materials development.