{"title":"Classification of C-Type Lectins and Recognition of Pathogens.","authors":"Yasunobu Miyake","doi":"10.1111/1348-0421.13211","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>C-type lectins are calcium-dependent glycan-binding proteins that play key roles in the innate immune response by recognizing pathogens. Soluble C-type lectins agglutinate and neutralize pathogens, activate the complement system, and promote pathogen clearance via opsonization. Membrane-bound C-type lectins, also known as C-type lectin receptors (CLRs), internalize pathogens and induce their degradation in lysosomes, presenting pathogen-derived antigens to MHC-II molecules to activate adaptive immunity. CLRs also have signaling capabilities. Some contain the immunoreceptor tyrosine-based activation motif (ITAM), which induces inflammatory responses by activating transcription factors, such as NF-κB and NFAT. Others contain the immunoreceptor tyrosine-based inhibitory motif (ITIM), which suppresses activating signals by activating phosphatases, such as SHP-1. This creates a balance between activation and inhibition. C-type lectins are classified into 17 groups based on their structural domains, with Groups II and V members being particularly important for pathogen recognition. In this review, we present the accumulated and recent information on pathogen recognition by C-type lectins, along with their classification and basic functions.</p>","PeriodicalId":18679,"journal":{"name":"Microbiology and Immunology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.9000,"publicationDate":"2025-03-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":"0","resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":null,"PeriodicalName":"Microbiology and Immunology","FirstCategoryId":"3","ListUrlMain":"https://doi.org/10.1111/1348-0421.13211","RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":null,"EPubDate":"","PubModel":"","JCR":"Q4","JCRName":"IMMUNOLOGY","Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
摘要
C 型凝集素是钙依赖性糖结合蛋白,通过识别病原体在先天性免疫反应中发挥关键作用。可溶性 C 型凝集素能凝集和中和病原体,激活补体系统,并通过疏松作用促进病原体的清除。膜结合型 C 型凝集素又称 C 型凝集素受体(CLR),可将病原体内化并诱导其在溶酶体中降解,将病原体衍生的抗原呈现给 MHC-II 分子,从而激活适应性免疫。CLRs 还具有信号传导能力。其中一些含有基于免疫受体酪氨酸的激活基序(ITAM),可通过激活转录因子(如 NF-κB 和 NFAT)诱导炎症反应。另一些则含有基于免疫受体酪氨酸的抑制基序(ITIM),通过激活磷酸酶(如 SHP-1)来抑制激活信号。这就在激活和抑制之间建立了平衡。C 型凝集素根据其结构域分为 17 类,其中第二类和第五类对病原体的识别尤为重要。在这篇综述中,我们将介绍 C 型凝集素在病原体识别方面积累的最新信息,以及它们的分类和基本功能。
Classification of C-Type Lectins and Recognition of Pathogens.
C-type lectins are calcium-dependent glycan-binding proteins that play key roles in the innate immune response by recognizing pathogens. Soluble C-type lectins agglutinate and neutralize pathogens, activate the complement system, and promote pathogen clearance via opsonization. Membrane-bound C-type lectins, also known as C-type lectin receptors (CLRs), internalize pathogens and induce their degradation in lysosomes, presenting pathogen-derived antigens to MHC-II molecules to activate adaptive immunity. CLRs also have signaling capabilities. Some contain the immunoreceptor tyrosine-based activation motif (ITAM), which induces inflammatory responses by activating transcription factors, such as NF-κB and NFAT. Others contain the immunoreceptor tyrosine-based inhibitory motif (ITIM), which suppresses activating signals by activating phosphatases, such as SHP-1. This creates a balance between activation and inhibition. C-type lectins are classified into 17 groups based on their structural domains, with Groups II and V members being particularly important for pathogen recognition. In this review, we present the accumulated and recent information on pathogen recognition by C-type lectins, along with their classification and basic functions.
期刊介绍:
Microbiology and Immunology is published in association with Japanese Society for Bacteriology, Japanese Society for Virology, and Japanese Society for Host Defense Research. It is peer-reviewed publication that provides insight into the study of microbes and the host immune, biological and physiological responses.
Fields covered by Microbiology and Immunology include:Bacteriology|Virology|Immunology|pathogenic infections in human, animals and plants|pathogenicity and virulence factors such as microbial toxins and cell-surface components|factors involved in host defense, inflammation, development of vaccines|antimicrobial agents and drug resistance of microbes|genomics and proteomics.