[Catch-up vaccination prevents HPV infection and related precancers when given up to age 26].

HPV-related cancers in men, particularly anal and oropharyngeal cancers, are increasing in Sweden and globally. Men who have sex with men, trans persons and people living with HIV are at especially high risk. HPV vaccination effectively prevents HPV infection and related precancers when given up to age 26. The Public Health Agency of Sweden makes the assessment that catch-up vaccination of unvaccinated males up to 26 years of age is likely to be cost-effective. New international guidelines recommend annual anal cancer screening for high-risk groups from ages 35-45. There are no guidelines for anal cancer screening in Sweden, and screening capacity in Sweden is limited. Vaccinating men not only protects them individually but also indirectly benefits women by reducing HPV transmission and strengthening herd immunity. Increased vaccination coverage and improved screening methods are crucial to reduce the burden of HPV-related cancers in men and accelerate the elimination of cervical cancer.