IF 6.2 2区 医学 Q1 ALLERGY
Masato Tamari, Aaron M Ver Heul
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引用次数: 0

摘要

2 型炎症在皮肤和呼吸道等屏障组织中起着重要作用,是特应性皮炎(AD)和哮喘等常见疾病的基础。包括白细胞介素 4 (IL-4)、IL-5 和 IL-13 在内的细胞因子是 2 型炎症的主要免疫特征,也是治疗过敏性疾病的多种特异性疗法的靶点。尽管存在共同的核心免疫机制,但皮肤和呼吸道的不同结构和功能导致了独特的治疗反应。人们越来越认识到,神经系统在感知和引导炎症过程中发挥着重要作用。事实上,2 型免疫激活和躯体感觉功能之间的串扰介导了组织特异性特征,如皮肤瘙痒。然而,神经免疫相互作用是由不同的神经元和免疫景观决定的,而且在皮肤和呼吸道中也有所不同。在皮肤中,背根神经节神经元通过 2 型细胞因子和肥大细胞或嗜碱性粒细胞激活的神经源性炎症介导瘙痒。相反,迷走神经节神经元通过释放降钙素基因相关肽、神经生长因子 U、乙酰胆碱和去甲肾上腺素等神经肽/神经递质来调节气道免疫反应。感觉神经元产生的血管活性肠肽与 IL-5 形成反馈回路,扩大了气道中的嗜酸性粒细胞炎症,而皮肤则没有这种机制。这些差异会影响细胞因子靶向疗法的疗效。例如,IL-4/IL-13 靶向疗法(如杜匹单抗)对 AD 和过敏性气道疾病有效,而 IL-5 靶向疗法对嗜酸性粒细胞性哮喘有效,但对 AD 无效。对这些神经免疫相互作用的了解突出表明,需要采用量身定制的治疗方法来治疗涉及屏障组织的过敏性疾病。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
Neuroimmune mechanisms of type 2 inflammation in the skin and lung.

Type 2 inflammation has a major role in barrier tissues such as the skin and airways and underlies common conditions including atopic dermatitis (AD) and asthma. Cytokines including interleukin 4 (IL-4), IL-5, and IL-13 are key immune signatures of type 2 inflammation and are the targets of multiple specific therapeutics for allergic diseases. Despite shared core immune mechanisms, the distinct structures and functions of the skin and airways lead to unique therapeutic responses. It is increasingly recognized that the nervous system has a major role in sensing and directing inflammatory processes. Indeed, crosstalk between type 2 immune activation and somatosensory functions mediates tissue-specific signatures such as itching in the skin. However, neuroimmune interactions are shaped by distinct neuronal and immune landscapes, and differ between the skin and airways. In the skin, dorsal root ganglia-derived neurons mediate pruritus via type 2 cytokines and neurogenic inflammation by mast cell or basophil activation. Conversely, vagal ganglia-derived neurons regulate airway immune responses by releasing neuropeptides/neurotransmitters such as calcitonin gene-related peptides, neuromedin U, acetylcholine, and noradrenaline. Sensory neuron-derived vasoactive intestinal peptide forms a feedback loop with IL-5, amplifying eosinophilic inflammation in the airways, a mechanism that is absent in the skin. These differences influence the efficacy of cytokine-targeted therapies. For instance, IL-4/IL-13-targeted therapies like dupilumab demonstrate efficacy in AD and allergic airway diseases, whereas IL-5-targeted therapies are effective in eosinophilic asthma but not AD. Understanding these neuroimmune interactions underscores the need for tailored therapeutic approaches to address allergic diseases where barrier tissues are involved.

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来源期刊
Allergology International
Allergology International ALLERGY-IMMUNOLOGY
CiteScore
12.60
自引率
5.90%
发文量
96
审稿时长
29 weeks
期刊介绍: Allergology International is the official journal of the Japanese Society of Allergology and publishes original papers dealing with the etiology, diagnosis and treatment of allergic and related diseases. Papers may include the study of methods of controlling allergic reactions, human and animal models of hypersensitivity and other aspects of basic and applied clinical allergy in its broadest sense. The Journal aims to encourage the international exchange of results and encourages authors from all countries to submit papers in the following three categories: Original Articles, Review Articles, and Letters to the Editor.
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