Engineering magnetism in hybrid organic–inorganic metal halide perovskites

The chemical and structural flexibility of hybrid organic–inorganic metal halide perovskites (HOIPs) provides an ideal platform for engineering not only their well-studied optical properties, but also their magnetic ones. In this review we present HOIPs from a new perspective, turning the attention to their magnetic properties and their potential as a new class of on-demand low-dimensional magnetic materials. Focusing on HOIPs containing transition metals, we comprehensively present the progress that has been made in preparing, understanding and exploring magnetic HOIPs. First, we briefly introduce HOIPs in terms of composition and crystal structure and examine the synthesis protocols commonly used to prepare those showing magnetic properties. Then, we present their rich magnetic behavior and phenomenology; discuss their origin and guidelines for tuning them by changing the perovskite phase, chemical composition and dimensionality; and showcase their potential application in magneto-optoelectronics and spintronics. Finally, we describe the current challenges in the field, such as their integration into devices, as well as the emerging possibilities of moving from magnetic doping to pure transition metal-based HOIPs, which will motivate further studies in the future.