Fe3O4@SiO2–Pr–THAM–(OSO3H)3: a novel magnetically separable catalyst for the synthesis of 4H-chromenes and their antioxidant and antibacterial study

The present research delineates the synthesis and catalytic assessment of a novel Fe₃O₄@SiO₂–Pr–THAM–(OSO₃H)₃ magnetic nanoparticles. The structural conformation of as-prepared Fe₃O₄@SiO₂–Pr–THAM–(OSO₃H)₃ nanoparticles was evaluated using numerous analytical methods like Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction, transmission electron microscopy, vibrating sample magnetometry, thermogravimetric analysis. The catalytic potential of Fe₃O₄@SiO₂–Pr–THAM–(OSO₃H)₃ was tested for the syntheses of 4H-chromenes through one-pot condensation of 2-hydroxybenzaldehyde, cyclic 1,3-diketones, and 4-hydroxycoumarin in aqueous solution at 50 °C. The current methodology offers the benefits of superior catalytic activity, the utilization of environmentally friendly solvents, easy work-up procedure, excellent yield, magnetic separation, shorter reaction times, and catalyst reusability with no significant loss in potency after six cycles. The synthesized 4H-chromene derivatives were screened for antibacterial and in vitro antioxidant study and were found to have promising activities supported by molecular docking studies.

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