Design and modulation of vortex Hermite-Gaussian solitons and arrays in parabolic wells

Controlling the trajectories and vortex characteristics of spatial optical solitons is a significant research direction in the field of optics. This study investigates the propagation dynamics of vortex Hermite-Gaussian (VHG) beams in parabolic potential wells, introducing two key parameters: off-axis displacement and chirp to represent the beam’s initial displacement and angle. Findings indicate that low-order VHG beams can form stable solitons. Joint adjustments of off-axis displacement and chirp enable precise control over soliton trajectories, enabling propagation along elliptical or circular helical paths. The rotational dynamics of these helical paths interact with the vortex of the beams, resulting in modifications to the optical field structure. Interestingly, by adjusting soliton trajectories and vortex characteristics within soliton arrays, novel optical field structures emerge during the arrays’ expansion or contraction. These structures periodically alternate with the arrays while exhibiting rotational dynamics, demonstrating the intricate interplay between the solitons and their collective behavior. These findings present promising applications in optical information encoding. The bidirectional control over soliton trajectories and vortex characteristics offers a versatile approach for manipulating optical fields, opening new possibilities for advanced light-field customization.