Hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis in a neonate with enterovirus infection: Case report and literature review

Viruses are the most common organisms causing hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis (HLH), and enterovirus infection is the most frequently diagnosed virus infection in the newborn period. However, in recent years, there have been relatively few reports of enterovirus infection in Chinese neonates complicated by HLH. Here, we describe a female preterm infant who contracted echovirus 11 at day 4 and rapidly developed sepsis during the following three days, along with fever, lethargy, disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC), and sepsis. She was ultimately identified as having echovirus 11 complicated by HLH. This report will contribute to increasing public awareness of the link between HLH and echo 11 infection, which can aid in early identification and treatment.

What’s New: We reported female preterm infant who contracted echovirus 11 at day 4 and rapidly developed sepsis during the following three days, it was the first report from central China that we are aware of.