The impact of economic growth and recessions on maternal and child health outcomes in sub-Saharan African countries: a systematic literature review.

Background: The discourse surrounding the relationship between economic growth and maternal and child health has extended over several years. While some studies highlight the potential positive impact of economic growth on maternal and child health, others challenge the conventional belief that economic growth invariably translates to improved maternal and child health. Recent findings suggest that its role as a sole determinant of mortality outcomes has declined over time. This systematic review aims to consolidate existing literature and offer a comprehensive overview of this relationship in sub-Saharan African countries.

Methods: A structured search of Medline, Embase, Web of Science, EconLit, and Global Health was conducted. Inclusion criteria encompassed studies published between 2000 to 2022 that examined national level economic growth and recession in conjunction with health outcomes of mothers and children in sub-Saharan African countries.

Results: A total of 1167 studies were initially identified from the database searches, of which 18 met the inclusion criteria for data extraction. The review presents a range of findings. Eleven studies underscore the significant impact of economic growth in reducing child mortality and undernutrition, and maternal mortality rate. Conversely, other studies indicated insignificant or inconsistent associations, emphasizing the importance of various socio-economic factors such as female education, equitable resource distribution, effective governance, and comprehensive maternal and child health coverage and interventions. These factors are considered crucial in maximizing the benefits derived from national economic growth.

Conclusions: Future research should explore alternative economic growth indicators such as, inequality-adjusted Human Development Index and Genuine Progress Indicator, to better capture several socio-economic factors. Additionally, expanding the timeframe could provide a more comprehensive understanding of the impact of economic growth and recession on maternal and child health in sub-Saharan Africa.