优化的水稻-油菜轮作制度通过延缓花后衰老来提高系统生产力

IF 5.6 1区农林科学 Q1 AGRONOMY

Field Crops Research Pub Date : 2025-03-07 DOI:10.1016/j.fcr.2025.109839

Chunyun Wang , Zongkai Wang , Hongxiang Lou , Xianling Wang , Xiaoqiang Tan , Dongli Shao , Mengzhen Liu , Jianqin Gao , Jiefu Zhang , Bo Wang , Jie Kuai , Jing Wang , Zhenghua Xu , Guangsheng Zhou , Jie Zhao

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引用次数: 0

摘要

在长江流域，土壤压实和不适当的耕作方式阻碍了水稻-油菜轮作系统作物产量的提高。因此，探索合适的耕作制度及其对作物产量形成的影响对该地区的农业发展至关重要。目的研究优化耕作制度对水稻-油菜轮作系统花后衰老和产量形成的影响，为YRB地区高产耕作管理制度的开发提供理论依据。方法采用5年大田试验，油菜季采用浅耕(ST) +中深耕（MT, 20 ~ 25 cm），水稻季采用免耕（NT）。评估的关键参数包括土壤压实度、花后根系和光合器官的生理活性、花前干物质转运和作物产量。结果与ST相比，MT显著降低了油菜季15-35 cm土层和随后的NT稻季20-35 cm土层的土壤压实。土壤压实程度的降低提高了两种作物花后根系活性和根木质部汁液，促进了养分的吸收。MT提高了油菜细胞壁和水稻旗叶抗氧化酶活性、氮素和总叶绿素含量，降低了O2-、H2O2和丙二醛含量，延缓了花后衰老。MT处理显著提高了花前干物质转运率及其对产量的贡献，油菜和水稻产量分别提高了23.9 %和18.3 %。此外，将种植密度从25 × 104 hills ha - 1增加到37.5 × 104 hills ha - 1，水稻在ST/NT和MT/NT下的产量分别提高了6.2 %和11.2 %，表明在油菜季节，进一步提高MT下的种植密度可以提高NT水稻的产量。结论在油菜季实施MT，在水稻季实施NT，通过延缓花后衰老和促进花前干物质向种子转运来提高作物产量。该优化耕作制度是一种潜力巨大的水陆轮作可持续生产技术，在国内外具有广阔的应用前景。

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Optimized tillage regimes in a rice-oilseed rape rotation system enhance system productivity by delaying post-flowering senescence

Context

In the Yangtze River Basin (YRB), soil compaction and inappropriate tillage practices hinder crop yield improvement in the rice-oilseed rape rotation system. Hence, exploring suitable tillage regimes and their impacts on crop yield formation is essential for agricultural development in this region.

Objective

This study aims to investigate the effects of an optimized tillage regime on post-flowering senescence and yield formation in the rice–oilseed rape rotation system, providing a theoretical foundation for the development of high-productivity tillage management systems in the YRB region.

Methods

A five-year field experiment was conducted, employing shallow tillage (ST) and moderate deep tillage (MT, 20–25 cm tillage depth) in the oilseed rape season, followed by no-tillage (NT) in the rice season. Key parameters evaluated included soil compaction, post-flowering physiological activity in roots and photosynthetic organs, pre-flowering dry matter translocation, and crop yield.

Results

Compared with ST, MT significantly reduced soil compaction in the 15–35 cm soil layer during the oilseed rape season and in the 20–35 cm layer during the subsequent NT rice season. The reduced soil compaction under MT enhanced post-flowering root activity and root xylem sap in both crops, promoting nutrient uptake. MT increased antioxidant enzyme activity, nitrogen and total chlorophyll contents while reducing O₂^-, H₂O₂ and malondialdehyde levels in oilseed rape silique walls and rice flag leaves, indicating delayed post-flowering senescence. Pre-flowering dry matter translocation rate and its contribution to yield significantly increased under MT, resulting in oilseed rape and rice yield increases of 23.9 % and 18.3 %, respectively. Furthermore, increasing planting density from 25 × 10⁴ hills ha⁻¹ to 37.5 × 10⁴ hills ha⁻¹ resulted in a 6.2 % and 11.2 % increase in rice yield, respectively, under the ST/NT and MT/NT, indicating that the yield of NT rice can be enhanced by further improving planting density under MT in the oilseed rape season.

Conclusion

Implementing MT in the oilseed rape season, followed by NT in the rice season, enhances crop yield by delaying post-flowering senescence and promoting pre-flowering dry matter translocation to seeds. This optimized tillage regime holds great potential as a sustainable paddy-upland rotation production technology with broad application prospects in China and beyond.

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来源期刊

Field Crops Research 农林科学-农艺学

CiteScore

9.60

自引率

12.10%

发文量

307

审稿时长

46 days

期刊介绍： Field Crops Research is an international journal publishing scientific articles on: √ experimental and modelling research at field, farm and landscape levels on temperate and tropical crops and cropping systems, with a focus on crop ecology and physiology, agronomy, and plant genetics and breeding.