Post-traumatic stress disorder among road traffic accident survivors: A systematic review and meta-analysis

Background

Road traffic accidents (RTAs) are a major global cause of mortality and morbidity, often resulting in psychological distress, including post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) among survivors. However, the lack of sufficient and comprehensive data on PTSD prevalence hinders the development of effective support strategies. This systematic review aimed to evaluate the frequency of PTSD among survivors of RTAs, highlighting the need for psychological support, follow-up care, and, when necessary, assessment for potential PTSD.

Methods

Observational studies (such as Cross-sectional, Cohort, and Case-control) that reported frequency or prevalence of PTSD among RTA survivors were included. A comprehensive literature search was conducted in several bibliographic databases up to 10 September 2023. Nested Knowledge software facilitated screening, and the JBI tool was utilized for quality assessment. A random-effects model was applied in a meta-analysis using R software (version 4.2.2) to estimate pooled frequency.

Results

Sixty-nine studies involving 16,977 participants across five continents were included. The pooled frequency of PTSD was 26 % (95 % CI: 22 % to 30 %), with notable heterogeneity (I2 = 96 %). Subgroup analysis highlighted geographical variations in frequencies. Sensitivity analysis confirmed the robustness of the findings, while funnel plot asymmetry and Egger’s test suggested publication bias.

Conclusion

There is a substantial variation of PTSD among RTA survivors worldwide, especially across different regions. This underscores the need for integrating psychological assessments and interventions into standard care for RTA survivors.