Intention of the utilization of rearview mirrors: integrating TPB and TTF models to explore factors among Chinese electric bike users.

Objective: Considering the value of rearview mirrors in providing essential rear visual information to electric bike (e-bike) users, this study aims to analyze the psychological traits influencing users' willingness and behavior toward rearview mirror usage and to understand their decision-making processes. Combined the Theory of Planned Behavior (TPB) and Task Technology Fit (TTF), and introduced the extended variable of perceived danger, this study explores the psychological factors that shape e-bike users' willingness and behavior regarding rearview mirror usage from a social psychology perspective.

Methods: A questionnaire survey was conducted on e-bike users (N = 704) in China. The data collected included demographic characteristics, components integrated the TPB and TTF, and relevant extended variables. Structural equation analysis (SEM) was used to analyze the data, as well as demographic variable analysis.

Results: The integration of the TPB and TTF models provides an effective framework for explaining and predicting the behavior and intentions of Chinese e-bike users regarding rearview mirror usage. The results of the model show that rearview mirrors fit e-bikes riding task, attitudes toward rearview mirror usage, and e-bike users characteristics associated with rearview mirror use increase e-bike users' willingness to use rearview mirrors. The extended TPB construct of perceived risk did not emerge as a formidable predictor in the e-bike riders' adoption of rearview mirrors. Additionally, results from multiple-group SEM analysis of four demographic variables (age, gender, e-bike riding experience, rearview mirror usage experience) suggest significant differences among e-bike users in using rearview mirrors while riding on the road.

Conclusions: This study establishes the validity of the integrated model of TPB and TTF model in predicting the use of rearview mirrors by e-bike users. Furthermore, the current findings may provide theoretical support for developing intervention strategies to promote rearview mirror usage, safety education initiatives, and the design improvements of rearview mirrors for e-bikes users.