Slot-Die Coating Deposition Method in High-Performance Perovskite Solar Modules

Perovskite solar cells (PSCs) have gained significant attention due to their high efficiency and potential for low-cost production. The upscaling of PSCs is key to its final large-scale commercial deployment. In recent several years, considerable advancements have been obtained on large-area perovskite solar modules (PSMs). Several large-area deposition methods have been employed to fabricate PSMs, mainly including spin-coating, doctor-blading, slot-die coating, meniscus printing, screen printing, and vacuum deposition. Among them, slot-die coating technique plays a critical role in preparing high-efficiency PSMs, which is most widely adopted until now. In this review, the fundamentals and important parameters of slot-die coating and its application in PSMs are first introduced. Then, the critical challenges and corresponding solutions are discussed. Finally, some potential development directions and issues are presented to advance the development of large-area perovskite photovoltaic devices toward practical application.