Exploring Connections Between Weight-Loss Medications and Thyroid Cancer: A Look at the FDA Adverse Event Reporting System Database

Aims

GLP-1 receptor agonists, such as semaglutide (Ozempic) and tirzepatide (Monjaro), have gained significant popularity for obesity management, but concerns have arisen about their potential link to thyroid cancer. This study investigates the association between thyroid cancer and weight-loss medications.

Materials and Methods

A disproportionality analysis was conducted using data from the FDA Adverse Event Reporting System (FAERS) from 2004 to Q1 2024. Reporting odds ratios (RORs) were used to identify associations between thyroid cancer and weight-loss drugs, including anti-diabetic medications.

Results

Significant positive associations with thyroid cancer were found for GLP-1 receptor agonists: semaglutide (ROR = 7.61, 95% CI: 6.37–9.08), dulaglutide (ROR = 3.59, 95% CI: 3.03–4.27), liraglutide (ROR = 15.59, 95% CI: 13.94–17.44) and tirzepatide (ROR = 2.09, 95% CI: 1.51–2.89). A weak inverse association was observed for metformin (ROR = 0.58, 95% CI: 0.36–0.93). No significant associations were found for other drugs, such as topiramate, dapagliflozin and insulin glargine.

Conclusion

The study, based on data from the FAERS database, suggests a potential association between GLP-1 receptor agonists and an increased thyroid cancer risk. These findings underscore the importance of further research and continuous safety monitoring when prescribing these medications for obesity management.