Development of an IOT-Based Semi-Autonomous Vehicle Sprayer

Mechanization is essential for improving farming processes to achieve the best possible use of resources, reduce costs, and increase operational efficiency. Novel spraying methods are crucial for reducing costs, minimizing chemical effects, and improving operator safety. In response, a semiautonomous vehicle sprayer (SAVS) has been developed, featuring an 800 × 500 × 400 mm primary frame, four wheels, and a 15-L pesticide tank, alongside front wheel steering and rear wheel propulsion systems, and a spraying unit. Equipped with an integrated anemometer, pressure gauge, and flow meter, all linked to a microprocessor, the SAVS operates on four 10,000 mAh LiPo (Lithium Polymer) batteries managed through the Blynk platform. This setup enables real-time decision-making and precise control over variables such as pressure, speed, and discharge. Integrated electronic valves regulate nozzle pressure (adjustable from 100 to 400 kPa) and nozzle spray discharge (controlled between 60 and 90 L/h). The SAVS can maintain a constant application rate (240–260 L/ha) by adjusting discharge and pressure based on ground velocity (4–6 km/h), thus minimizing drift and ensuring uniform spraying. With a percent drift of 9–13.2%, the SAVS demonstrates higher spray uniformity (96.82–97.67%), field capacity (0.2–0.3 ha/h), and field efficiency (65%) compared to traditional manually operated backpack sprayers. With enhanced operator comfort, the SAVS represents a cost-effective solution for precision agriculture without compromising field capacity or safety.