宽吻海豚(Tursiops truncatus)外耳与人耳的形态及某些听觉机制

IF 0.9 4区 物理与天体物理 Q4 ACOUSTICS
V. A. Ryabov
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引用次数: 0

摘要

本文对宽吻海豚(Tursiops truncatus)进化出的新外耳与人耳的形态及某些听觉机制进行了比较分析。海豚外耳道的作用是由相应的颏孔(MF)、下颌孔(MC)和填充它们的软组织(ST)共同完成的。研究表明,海豚的听觉通道最大限度地向外延伸到喙部的尖端,以接收水下物体反射的回声和声音,而人类的听觉通道则位于头部的左右两侧。影响海豚空间声定位特征形成机制的主要因素是其听觉通道、耳台和颅骨结构的不对称。然而,对于人类来说,这些机制是由头部左右两侧听觉通道的对称位置引起的。适应海豚外耳的形态,利用反射相干干涉的相消干涉,以提高信号/反射干扰比。一般来说,海豚和人类听觉的特殊特征导致了它们外耳的形态和听觉机制的根本区别。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。

Morphology and Some Hearing Mechanisms of the External Ears of Bottlenose Dolphin (Tursiops truncatus) and Human Ears

Morphology and Some Hearing Mechanisms of the External Ears of Bottlenose Dolphin (Tursiops truncatus) and Human Ears

A comparative analysis has been performed on the morphology and some hearing mechanisms of the evolutionary new external ears of bottlenose dolphin (Tursiops truncatus) and human ears. It has been established that the role of external hearing canals in dolphins is played by corresponding mental foramens (MF), mandibular canals (MC), and soft tissues (ST) filling them. It has been demonstrated that the hearing canals of dolphins are maximally ported out to the tip of the rostrum towards echos and sounds reflected from underwater objects, in contrast to the hearing canals of humans, which are located on the left and right sides of the head. The major factors influencing the mechanisms of the formation of unique features in the spatial sound localization of dolphins are asymmetry in the architecture of their hearing canals, rostrum, and skull. However, for humans, these mechanisms are caused by the symmetric location of hearing canals on the left and right sides of the head. The morphology of the external ears of dolphins is adapted to utilize the destructive interference of reflected coherent interferences with the purpose of improving the signal/reflected interferences ratio. In general, the specific features of dolphin and human hearing cause fundamental distinctions in the morphology and auditory mechanisms of their external ears.

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来源期刊
Acoustical Physics
Acoustical Physics 物理-声学
CiteScore
1.60
自引率
50.00%
发文量
58
审稿时长
3.5 months
期刊介绍: Acoustical Physics is an international peer reviewed journal published with the participation of the Russian Academy of Sciences. It covers theoretical and experimental aspects of basic and applied acoustics: classical problems of linear acoustics and wave theory; nonlinear acoustics; physical acoustics; ocean acoustics and hydroacoustics; atmospheric and aeroacoustics; acoustics of structurally inhomogeneous solids; geological acoustics; acoustical ecology, noise and vibration; chamber acoustics, musical acoustics; acoustic signals processing, computer simulations; acoustics of living systems, biomedical acoustics; physical principles of engineering acoustics. The journal publishes critical reviews, original articles, short communications, and letters to the editor. It covers theoretical and experimental aspects of basic and applied acoustics. The journal welcomes manuscripts from all countries in the English or Russian language.
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