{"title":"通用认知技能的作用：对青少年足球运动中通用认知技能和专项认知技能与比赛水平关系的实证研究。","authors":"Martin L Reinhard, David L Mann, Oliver Höner","doi":"10.1016/j.jsams.2025.01.010","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>Tests of cognitive skills are increasingly used to identify talent in sports such as football, but there is so far little evidence to suggest that those tests are associated with sport-specific cognitive skills and performance. The aim of this study was to establish the degree to which tests of generic cognitive skills are associated with football-specific skill in youth football. Specifically, we (i) established the degree to which tests of generic cognitive skills are associated with sport-specific cognitive skills, and (ii) compared the associations between generic and sport-specific cognitive skills and the playing level of youth footballers.</p><p><strong>Design: </strong>Cross-sectional study.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Youth football players (U11-U15; N = 110) competing at an elite and sub-elite level conducted two diagnostic tests of generic and one of football-specific cognitive skills. Generic tests were (1) the determination test measuring reactive stress tolerance, and (2) NeurOlympics assessing executive functions and anticipation to produce a Football Intelligence score (FI score). The football-specific test was a 360°-video decision-making test. Multiple regression analyses were used to establish the association between the tests, and logistic regression for their association to playing level (elite vs. sub-elite).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The generic Football Intelligence score showed a small but significant association with football-specific decision making when controlling for age (p = 0.006). However, football-specific decision making (Nagelkerke's R<sup>2</sup> = 0.34, p < 0.001) had a higher diagnostic validity when predicting the playing level than did the FI score (Nagelkerke's R<sup>2</sup> = 0.13, p < 0.001).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>We found a partial relationship between generic and football-specific cognition and that football-specific decision making better differentiates playing levels than generic cognition. These results contribute to the literature suggesting that sport-specific measures are much better predictors of skill than generic cognitive diagnostics for the purposes of talent identification.</p>","PeriodicalId":16992,"journal":{"name":"Journal of science and medicine in sport","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.0000,"publicationDate":"2025-01-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":"0","resultStr":"{\"title\":\"The role of generic cognitive skills: An empirical investigation into the association between generic and sport-specific cognitive skills and playing level in youth football.\",\"authors\":\"Martin L Reinhard, David L Mann, Oliver Höner\",\"doi\":\"10.1016/j.jsams.2025.01.010\",\"DOIUrl\":null,\"url\":null,\"abstract\":\"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>Tests of cognitive skills are increasingly used to identify talent in sports such as football, but there is so far little evidence to suggest that those tests are associated with sport-specific cognitive skills and performance. The aim of this study was to establish the degree to which tests of generic cognitive skills are associated with football-specific skill in youth football. Specifically, we (i) established the degree to which tests of generic cognitive skills are associated with sport-specific cognitive skills, and (ii) compared the associations between generic and sport-specific cognitive skills and the playing level of youth footballers.</p><p><strong>Design: </strong>Cross-sectional study.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Youth football players (U11-U15; N = 110) competing at an elite and sub-elite level conducted two diagnostic tests of generic and one of football-specific cognitive skills. Generic tests were (1) the determination test measuring reactive stress tolerance, and (2) NeurOlympics assessing executive functions and anticipation to produce a Football Intelligence score (FI score). The football-specific test was a 360°-video decision-making test. Multiple regression analyses were used to establish the association between the tests, and logistic regression for their association to playing level (elite vs. sub-elite).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The generic Football Intelligence score showed a small but significant association with football-specific decision making when controlling for age (p = 0.006). However, football-specific decision making (Nagelkerke's R<sup>2</sup> = 0.34, p < 0.001) had a higher diagnostic validity when predicting the playing level than did the FI score (Nagelkerke's R<sup>2</sup> = 0.13, p < 0.001).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>We found a partial relationship between generic and football-specific cognition and that football-specific decision making better differentiates playing levels than generic cognition. These results contribute to the literature suggesting that sport-specific measures are much better predictors of skill than generic cognitive diagnostics for the purposes of talent identification.</p>\",\"PeriodicalId\":16992,\"journal\":{\"name\":\"Journal of science and medicine in sport\",\"volume\":\" \",\"pages\":\"\"},\"PeriodicalIF\":3.0000,\"publicationDate\":\"2025-01-30\",\"publicationTypes\":\"Journal Article\",\"fieldsOfStudy\":null,\"isOpenAccess\":false,\"openAccessPdf\":\"\",\"citationCount\":\"0\",\"resultStr\":null,\"platform\":\"Semanticscholar\",\"paperid\":null,\"PeriodicalName\":\"Journal of science and medicine in sport\",\"FirstCategoryId\":\"3\",\"ListUrlMain\":\"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jsams.2025.01.010\",\"RegionNum\":2,\"RegionCategory\":\"医学\",\"ArticlePicture\":[],\"TitleCN\":null,\"AbstractTextCN\":null,\"PMCID\":null,\"EPubDate\":\"\",\"PubModel\":\"\",\"JCR\":\"Q1\",\"JCRName\":\"SPORT SCIENCES\",\"Score\":null,\"Total\":0}","platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":null,"PeriodicalName":"Journal of science and medicine in sport","FirstCategoryId":"3","ListUrlMain":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jsams.2025.01.010","RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":null,"EPubDate":"","PubModel":"","JCR":"Q1","JCRName":"SPORT SCIENCES","Score":null,"Total":0}
The role of generic cognitive skills: An empirical investigation into the association between generic and sport-specific cognitive skills and playing level in youth football.
Objectives: Tests of cognitive skills are increasingly used to identify talent in sports such as football, but there is so far little evidence to suggest that those tests are associated with sport-specific cognitive skills and performance. The aim of this study was to establish the degree to which tests of generic cognitive skills are associated with football-specific skill in youth football. Specifically, we (i) established the degree to which tests of generic cognitive skills are associated with sport-specific cognitive skills, and (ii) compared the associations between generic and sport-specific cognitive skills and the playing level of youth footballers.
Design: Cross-sectional study.
Methods: Youth football players (U11-U15; N = 110) competing at an elite and sub-elite level conducted two diagnostic tests of generic and one of football-specific cognitive skills. Generic tests were (1) the determination test measuring reactive stress tolerance, and (2) NeurOlympics assessing executive functions and anticipation to produce a Football Intelligence score (FI score). The football-specific test was a 360°-video decision-making test. Multiple regression analyses were used to establish the association between the tests, and logistic regression for their association to playing level (elite vs. sub-elite).
Results: The generic Football Intelligence score showed a small but significant association with football-specific decision making when controlling for age (p = 0.006). However, football-specific decision making (Nagelkerke's R2 = 0.34, p < 0.001) had a higher diagnostic validity when predicting the playing level than did the FI score (Nagelkerke's R2 = 0.13, p < 0.001).
Conclusions: We found a partial relationship between generic and football-specific cognition and that football-specific decision making better differentiates playing levels than generic cognition. These results contribute to the literature suggesting that sport-specific measures are much better predictors of skill than generic cognitive diagnostics for the purposes of talent identification.
期刊介绍：
The Journal of Science and Medicine in Sport is the official journal of Sports Medicine Australia (SMA) and is an an international refereed research publication covering all aspects of sport science and medicine.
The Journal considers for publication Original research and Review papers in the sub-disciplines relating generally to the broad sports medicine and sports science fields: sports medicine, sports injury (including injury epidemiology and injury prevention), physiotherapy, podiatry, physical activity and health, sports science, biomechanics, exercise physiology, motor control and learning, sport and exercise psychology, sports nutrition, public health (as relevant to sport and exercise), and rehabilitation and injury management. Manuscripts with an interdisciplinary perspective with specific applications to sport and exercise and its interaction with health will also be considered.
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