摘要
目的：各种环境应激因素会增加氧化应激，从而损害家禽的生产性能。本研究评估了在地塞米松诱导的氧化应激条件下，补充药用植物Dracocephalum moldavica L.粉末（DP）或商业益生菌（Lactofeed）的肉鸡的生产性能和健康状况：共有 300 只一天龄的雏鸡参加了完全随机设计的六个因子处理，每个因子处理由五个重复组成，每个重复 10 只雏鸡。实验处理为1）不含饲料添加剂且无挑战的基础日粮；2）含 0.01% Lactofeed 的基础日粮；3）含 0.4% DP 的基础日粮；4）基础日粮和地塞米松（2 毫克/千克体重）挑战；5）含 0.01% Lactofeed 的基础日粮和地塞米松挑战；6）含 0.4% DP 的基础日粮和地塞米松挑战。对生长性能、胴体性状和内脏器官重量进行了评估。在第 28 天和第 42 天评估胃肠道 pH 值和回肠组织学，在第 14 天、第 28 天和第 42 天测定盲肠微生物数量。在第 14、28 和 42 天采集的血清样本中测定了新城疫和禽流感病毒的抗体滴度以及白细胞计数：地塞米松对家禽的生产性能、部分胴体性状、白细胞计数和回肠绒毛高度有负面影响（p=0.039），同时降低了盲肠大肠杆菌和大肠菌群计数（p=0.001）。它在第 28 天抑制了对新城疫病毒的体液免疫反应，但在第 42 天增强了这种反应。乳牛饲料和DP添加剂显著提高了采食量、体重增加、白细胞计数、肠道组织学和微生物区系，这在很大程度上与地塞米松挑战无关：结论：尽管地塞米松挑战会诱发肉鸡的各种生理应激，但乳牛饲料和DP饲料添加剂都显示出了减轻这些影响的潜力，无论应激条件如何，它们都能改善肉鸡的总体生产性能和肠道健康参数。Objective: Various environmental stressors impair poultry productivity by increasing oxidative stress. This study evaluated the performance and health status of broilers supplemented with either the medicinal plant Dracocephalum moldavica L. powder (DP) or a commercial probiotic (Lactofeed) under oxidative stress induced by dexamethasone.
Methods: A total of 300 one-day-old chicks were enrolled in a completely randomized design with a factorial arrangement of six treatments, each consisting of five replicates of 10 chicks. The experimental treatments were: 1) basal diet without feed additives and no challenge, 2) basal diet with 0.01% Lactofeed, 3) basal diet with 0.4% DP, 4) basal diet and challenged with dexamethasone (2 mg/kg body weight), 5) basal diet with 0.01% Lactofeed and challenged with dexamethasone, and 6) basal diet with 0.4% DP and challenged with dexamethasone. Growth performance, carcass traits, and internal organ weights were evaluated. Gastrointestinal pH and ileum histology were assessed on days 28 and 42, while cecal microbial counts were determined on days 14, 28, and 42. Antibody titers against Newcastle disease and avian influenza viruses, as well as white blood cell counts were measured in serum samples collected on days 14, 28, and 42.
Results: Dexamethasone challenge negatively impacted performance, select carcass traits, white blood cell count, and ileum villus height (p=0.039), while reducing cecal E. coli and coliform counts (p=0.001). It suppressed humoral immune response to Newcastle disease virus on day 28 but enhanced it at day 42. Lactofeed and DP additives significantly improved feed intake, body weight gain, white blood cell count, intestinal histology, and microbiota, largely independent of dexamethasone challenge.
Conclusion: While dexamethasone challenge induced various physiological stresses in broilers, both Lactofeed and DP feed additives demonstrated potential in mitigating these effects, improving overall performance and gut health parameters regardless of stress conditions.
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