{"title":"通过系谱分析评估冲绳本土阿古猪的遗传多样性和近交。","authors":"Shihei Touma, Kyota Fusho, Aisaku Arakawa","doi":"10.5713/ab.24.0646","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>The objective of this study was to clarify the changes in genetic diversity and inbreeding over the years as well as to identify the causes of genetic diversity loss using the pedigree of Okinawa indigenous Agu pigs.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The pedigree of the Agu population consisted of 1,997 animals from 1997 to 2020. The equivalent complete generations (ECG), inbreeding coefficient (F), and effective population size (Ne) were computed using ENDOG v4.8. Genetic diversity parameters, including founders (f), the effective number of founders (fe), the effective number of ancestors (fa), and the founder genome equivalent (fge), were derived from the probability of gene origin. The study also investigated changes in genetic diversity indices over time.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>ECG increased from 0.1 in 2003 to 3.87 by 2020, indicating an improved pedigree depth. The F has been on a downward trend since it peaked at 10.5% in 2015. However, the Ne in the reference population was 14.6, which is below the recommended levels. The f, fe, fa and fge of the reference population were 86, 26, 19, and 11.5, respectively. These values decrease in the order of f>fe>fa>fge. This indicates that all factors of genetic diversity loss played a role, including the unbalanced contributions of founders, bottlenecks, and random gene losses. Although in recent years efforts have been made to maintain genetic diversity and reduce inbreeding, the Agu pig population exhibited a 5% decrease in genetic diversity over the past 18 years, with both unequal founder contributions and genetic drift identified as significant contributing factors.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>This study reveals that more favorable breeding strategies (such as optimal contribution and population size expansion) are required to maintain genetic diversity and increase the Ne of the Agu pig population.</p>","PeriodicalId":7825,"journal":{"name":"Animal Bioscience","volume":" ","pages":"1105-1115"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4000,"publicationDate":"2025-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12061574/pdf/","citationCount":"0","resultStr":"{\"title\":\"Assessment of genetic diversity and inbreeding in the Okinawa indigenous Agu pig through pedigree analysis.\",\"authors\":\"Shihei Touma, Kyota Fusho, Aisaku Arakawa\",\"doi\":\"10.5713/ab.24.0646\",\"DOIUrl\":null,\"url\":null,\"abstract\":\"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>The objective of this study was to clarify the changes in genetic diversity and inbreeding over the years as well as to identify the causes of genetic diversity loss using the pedigree of Okinawa indigenous Agu pigs.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The pedigree of the Agu population consisted of 1,997 animals from 1997 to 2020. The equivalent complete generations (ECG), inbreeding coefficient (F), and effective population size (Ne) were computed using ENDOG v4.8. Genetic diversity parameters, including founders (f), the effective number of founders (fe), the effective number of ancestors (fa), and the founder genome equivalent (fge), were derived from the probability of gene origin. The study also investigated changes in genetic diversity indices over time.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>ECG increased from 0.1 in 2003 to 3.87 by 2020, indicating an improved pedigree depth. The F has been on a downward trend since it peaked at 10.5% in 2015. However, the Ne in the reference population was 14.6, which is below the recommended levels. The f, fe, fa and fge of the reference population were 86, 26, 19, and 11.5, respectively. These values decrease in the order of f>fe>fa>fge. This indicates that all factors of genetic diversity loss played a role, including the unbalanced contributions of founders, bottlenecks, and random gene losses. Although in recent years efforts have been made to maintain genetic diversity and reduce inbreeding, the Agu pig population exhibited a 5% decrease in genetic diversity over the past 18 years, with both unequal founder contributions and genetic drift identified as significant contributing factors.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>This study reveals that more favorable breeding strategies (such as optimal contribution and population size expansion) are required to maintain genetic diversity and increase the Ne of the Agu pig population.</p>\",\"PeriodicalId\":7825,\"journal\":{\"name\":\"Animal Bioscience\",\"volume\":\" \",\"pages\":\"1105-1115\"},\"PeriodicalIF\":2.4000,\"publicationDate\":\"2025-06-01\",\"publicationTypes\":\"Journal Article\",\"fieldsOfStudy\":null,\"isOpenAccess\":false,\"openAccessPdf\":\"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12061574/pdf/\",\"citationCount\":\"0\",\"resultStr\":null,\"platform\":\"Semanticscholar\",\"paperid\":null,\"PeriodicalName\":\"Animal Bioscience\",\"FirstCategoryId\":\"97\",\"ListUrlMain\":\"https://doi.org/10.5713/ab.24.0646\",\"RegionNum\":2,\"RegionCategory\":\"农林科学\",\"ArticlePicture\":[],\"TitleCN\":null,\"AbstractTextCN\":null,\"PMCID\":null,\"EPubDate\":\"2025/2/27 0:00:00\",\"PubModel\":\"Epub\",\"JCR\":\"Q1\",\"JCRName\":\"AGRICULTURE, DAIRY & ANIMAL SCIENCE\",\"Score\":null,\"Total\":0}","platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":null,"PeriodicalName":"Animal Bioscience","FirstCategoryId":"97","ListUrlMain":"https://doi.org/10.5713/ab.24.0646","RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":null,"EPubDate":"2025/2/27 0:00:00","PubModel":"Epub","JCR":"Q1","JCRName":"AGRICULTURE, DAIRY & ANIMAL SCIENCE","Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
摘要
目的:本研究的目的是利用冲绳本土阿古猪的系谱,阐明遗传多样性和近交的变化,并确定遗传多样性丧失的原因。方法:1997 - 2020年对1997只阿古犬种群进行家谱分析。采用ENDOG v4.8软件计算等效全代(ECG)、近交系数(F)和有效种群大小(Ne)。遗传多样性参数包括创始人(f)、有效创始人数(fe)、有效祖先数(fa)和创始人基因组当量(fge)。该研究还调查了遗传多样性指数随时间的变化。结果:心电图由2003年的0.1增加到2020年的3.87,表明谱系深度有所提高。自2015年达到10.5%的峰值以来,F指数一直呈下降趋势。然而,参考人群的Ne为14.6,低于推荐水平。参考人群的f、fe、fa和fge分别为86、26、19和11.5。这些值以f> fe > fa > fge的顺序递减。这表明遗传多样性丧失的所有因素都发挥了作用,包括创始人贡献的不平衡、瓶颈和随机基因损失。尽管近年来为保持遗传多样性和减少近亲繁殖做出了努力,但在过去的18年中,阿古猪群体的遗传多样性下降了5%,不平等的创始人贡献和遗传漂变被认为是重要的因素。结论:为了保持阿古猪群体的遗传多样性,提高遗传多样性,需要采取更有利的育种策略(如最优贡献和群体规模的扩大)。
Assessment of genetic diversity and inbreeding in the Okinawa indigenous Agu pig through pedigree analysis.
Objective: The objective of this study was to clarify the changes in genetic diversity and inbreeding over the years as well as to identify the causes of genetic diversity loss using the pedigree of Okinawa indigenous Agu pigs.
Methods: The pedigree of the Agu population consisted of 1,997 animals from 1997 to 2020. The equivalent complete generations (ECG), inbreeding coefficient (F), and effective population size (Ne) were computed using ENDOG v4.8. Genetic diversity parameters, including founders (f), the effective number of founders (fe), the effective number of ancestors (fa), and the founder genome equivalent (fge), were derived from the probability of gene origin. The study also investigated changes in genetic diversity indices over time.
Results: ECG increased from 0.1 in 2003 to 3.87 by 2020, indicating an improved pedigree depth. The F has been on a downward trend since it peaked at 10.5% in 2015. However, the Ne in the reference population was 14.6, which is below the recommended levels. The f, fe, fa and fge of the reference population were 86, 26, 19, and 11.5, respectively. These values decrease in the order of f>fe>fa>fge. This indicates that all factors of genetic diversity loss played a role, including the unbalanced contributions of founders, bottlenecks, and random gene losses. Although in recent years efforts have been made to maintain genetic diversity and reduce inbreeding, the Agu pig population exhibited a 5% decrease in genetic diversity over the past 18 years, with both unequal founder contributions and genetic drift identified as significant contributing factors.
Conclusion: This study reveals that more favorable breeding strategies (such as optimal contribution and population size expansion) are required to maintain genetic diversity and increase the Ne of the Agu pig population.