{"title":"真核生物转录因子动力学和转录调控的再思考。","authors":"Reiner A. Veitia","doi":"10.1016/j.tibs.2025.01.012","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Transcription factors (TFs) control gene expression by binding to specific DNA motifs in <em>cis</em>-regulatory elements. Cooperativity has been thought to ensure TF binding specificity. Recent research suggests that, at least in yeast, the role of cooperativity has probably been overemphasized. Consequently, synergy – the collective recruitment of the transcriptional machinery by TFs bound at multiple DNA sites – emerges as a more significant mechanism for achieving the specificity of the transcriptional response. Furthermore, I argue that the concentration of TFs within phase-separated nuclear condensates and their covalent modifications play an underappreciated but crucial role in sharpening transcriptional responses through complementary mechanisms. A model integrating cooperativity, synergy, post-translational modifications, and phase separation provides a comprehensive framework to explain dynamic, context-specific transcriptional responses in eukaryotes.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":440,"journal":{"name":"Trends in Biochemical Sciences","volume":"50 5","pages":"Pages 376-384"},"PeriodicalIF":11.6000,"publicationDate":"2025-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":"0","resultStr":"{\"title\":\"Rethinking transcription factor dynamics and transcription regulation in eukaryotes\",\"authors\":\"Reiner A. Veitia\",\"doi\":\"10.1016/j.tibs.2025.01.012\",\"DOIUrl\":null,\"url\":null,\"abstract\":\"<div><div>Transcription factors (TFs) control gene expression by binding to specific DNA motifs in <em>cis</em>-regulatory elements. Cooperativity has been thought to ensure TF binding specificity. Recent research suggests that, at least in yeast, the role of cooperativity has probably been overemphasized. Consequently, synergy – the collective recruitment of the transcriptional machinery by TFs bound at multiple DNA sites – emerges as a more significant mechanism for achieving the specificity of the transcriptional response. Furthermore, I argue that the concentration of TFs within phase-separated nuclear condensates and their covalent modifications play an underappreciated but crucial role in sharpening transcriptional responses through complementary mechanisms. A model integrating cooperativity, synergy, post-translational modifications, and phase separation provides a comprehensive framework to explain dynamic, context-specific transcriptional responses in eukaryotes.</div></div>\",\"PeriodicalId\":440,\"journal\":{\"name\":\"Trends in Biochemical Sciences\",\"volume\":\"50 5\",\"pages\":\"Pages 376-384\"},\"PeriodicalIF\":11.6000,\"publicationDate\":\"2025-05-01\",\"publicationTypes\":\"Journal Article\",\"fieldsOfStudy\":null,\"isOpenAccess\":false,\"openAccessPdf\":\"\",\"citationCount\":\"0\",\"resultStr\":null,\"platform\":\"Semanticscholar\",\"paperid\":null,\"PeriodicalName\":\"Trends in Biochemical Sciences\",\"FirstCategoryId\":\"99\",\"ListUrlMain\":\"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0968000425000271\",\"RegionNum\":1,\"RegionCategory\":\"生物学\",\"ArticlePicture\":[],\"TitleCN\":null,\"AbstractTextCN\":null,\"PMCID\":null,\"EPubDate\":\"\",\"PubModel\":\"\",\"JCR\":\"Q1\",\"JCRName\":\"BIOCHEMISTRY & MOLECULAR BIOLOGY\",\"Score\":null,\"Total\":0}","platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":null,"PeriodicalName":"Trends in Biochemical Sciences","FirstCategoryId":"99","ListUrlMain":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0968000425000271","RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":null,"EPubDate":"","PubModel":"","JCR":"Q1","JCRName":"BIOCHEMISTRY & MOLECULAR BIOLOGY","Score":null,"Total":0}
Rethinking transcription factor dynamics and transcription regulation in eukaryotes
Transcription factors (TFs) control gene expression by binding to specific DNA motifs in cis-regulatory elements. Cooperativity has been thought to ensure TF binding specificity. Recent research suggests that, at least in yeast, the role of cooperativity has probably been overemphasized. Consequently, synergy – the collective recruitment of the transcriptional machinery by TFs bound at multiple DNA sites – emerges as a more significant mechanism for achieving the specificity of the transcriptional response. Furthermore, I argue that the concentration of TFs within phase-separated nuclear condensates and their covalent modifications play an underappreciated but crucial role in sharpening transcriptional responses through complementary mechanisms. A model integrating cooperativity, synergy, post-translational modifications, and phase separation provides a comprehensive framework to explain dynamic, context-specific transcriptional responses in eukaryotes.
期刊介绍:
For over 40 years, Trends in Biochemical Sciences (TIBS) has been a leading publication keeping readers informed about recent advances in all areas of biochemistry and molecular biology. Through monthly, peer-reviewed issues, TIBS covers a wide range of topics, from traditional subjects like protein structure and function to emerging areas in signaling and metabolism. Articles are curated by the Editor and authored by top researchers in their fields, with a focus on moving beyond simple literature summaries to providing novel insights and perspectives. Each issue primarily features concise and timely Reviews and Opinions, supplemented by shorter articles including Spotlights, Forums, and Technology of the Month, as well as impactful pieces like Science & Society and Scientific Life articles.