Biogenic Nickel Oxide Nanoparticles: Synthesis, Characterization and Biomedical Potential.

Green-synthesized nanoparticles provide an eco-friendly approach to nanotechnology, reducing harmful chemical use and environmental impact. This study focuses on the green synthesis of nickel oxide nanoparticles (FV-NiO NPs) using Fioria vitifolia. Synthesized NPs were characterization by UV, XRD, FTIR, SEM, and TEM revealed spherical, well-dispersed particles (17-168 nm) with a UV-Visible absorption peak at 247 nm. EDAX analysis confirmed their composition: 55.02% Ni, 22.77% O, 18.49% C, and 3.71% Na. FV-NiO NPs exhibited potent antibacterial activity at 100 µg/mL against Escherichia coli (21.1 ± 0.2 mm inhibition) and Enterococcus faecalis (24.6 ± 0.5 mm inhibition). Furthermore, anti-inflammatory activity showed 68.3% inhibition at 200 µg/mL, while antioxidant assays demonstrated 78.64% DPPH and 68.21% ABTS inhibition at 100 µg/mL. Antitumour assays revealed an IC₅₀ of 28.15 µg/mL against A549 lung cancer cells. Photocatalytic studies indicated 88.9% degradation efficiency of Reactive Black 5 dye under visible light. Zebrafish embryo assays demonstrated dose-dependent toxicity, influencing body length, heart rate, hatchability, and survival rates, confirming the nanoparticles' biosafety. These results highlight FV-NiO NPs as promising candidates for biomedical and environmental applications.