不列颠哥伦比亚省中西部白皮松生态系统的历史火灾制度

IF 2.7 3区 环境科学与生态学 Q2 ECOLOGY
Ecosphere Pub Date : 2025-03-04 DOI:10.1002/ecs2.70187
Kira M. Hoffman, Alana J. Clason, Lori D. Daniels
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引用次数: 0

摘要

北美西部的森林生态系统正在经历越来越大和严重的野火干扰。从2012年到2024年,不列颠哥伦比亚省最大的保护区Tweedsmuir省立公园(Tweedsmuir Provincial Park)约有60万公顷的森林受到野火的影响。这些野火主要在低海拔亚寒带森林中燃烧,但高强度的火灾也影响了整个山区省立公园的亚高山和林木线生态系统。白皮松是一种长寿的濒危高海拔树种,由于入侵病原体和最近大规模爆发的山松甲虫,在北美西部经历了广泛的死亡。为了了解变化的火灾制度对亚寒带和亚高山白皮松生态系统的影响,我们重建了北特威德斯缪尔省立公园的第一次火灾历史。沿着湖岸、岛屿、小丘和山脊线对11个含有白皮松的研究地点进行了采样。我们的火灾历史记录显示了两个关键发现。首先,在所有11个研究地点,有火灾痕迹的树木提供了低严重性火灾的证据。我们的树木年代学记录覆盖了830年(1190-2020),并在580年(1377-1957)期间记录了127个火痕,在1580-1957期间,整个研究区记录的复合平均火灾间隔为8年。其次,我们的研究结果强调了几个世纪以来的土著消防管理,结合闪电,构成了历史上的火灾制度。在20世纪的灭火政策之前,火灾制度的特点是火灾间隔比当代时期更短,有效地减少了可用燃料,并在整个景观中创造了燃烧和未燃烧森林的马赛克。我们的研究结果强调了主动和动态野火管理的必要性,以支持保护区的多种文化和生态价值。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。

Historical fire regimes in whitebark pine ecosystems of west-central British Columbia

Historical fire regimes in whitebark pine ecosystems of west-central British Columbia

Forest ecosystems across western North America are experiencing increasingly large and severe wildfire disturbances. From 2012 to 2024, approximately 600,000 ha of forest in Tweedsmuir Provincial Park, British Columbia's largest protected area, were impacted by wildfires. These wildfires burned primarily through lower elevation subboreal forests, but high-severity fire also impacted subalpine and treeline ecosystems across the mountainous provincial park. Whitebark pine is a long-lived and endangered high-elevation tree species experiencing extensive mortality throughout western North America from an invasive pathogen and recent large-scale outbreaks of mountain pine beetle. To understand the impacts of changing fire regimes on subboreal and subalpine whitebark pine ecosystems, we reconstructed the first fire history in North Tweedsmuir Provincial Park. Eleven study sites containing whitebark pine were sampled along lakeshores, islands, knolls, and ridgelines. Our fire history record indicated two key findings. First, fire-scarred trees provided evidence of low-severity fire at all 11 study sites. Our dendrochronological record covered 830 years (1190–2020) and included 127 fire scars during a 580-year period (1377–1957), with a composite mean fire interval of 8 years in the period 1580–1957 recorded across the study area. Second, our results highlight centuries of Indigenous fire stewardship that, combined with lightning, comprised the historical fire regime. Prior to 20th century fire suppression policies, the fire regime was characterized by shorter fire intervals than the contemporary period, effectively reducing available fuels, and creating a mosaic of burned and unburned forests across the landscape. Our research findings highlight the need for proactive and dynamic wildfire management that supports multiple cultural and ecological values across protected areas.

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来源期刊
Ecosphere
Ecosphere ECOLOGY-
CiteScore
4.70
自引率
3.70%
发文量
378
审稿时长
15 weeks
期刊介绍: The scope of Ecosphere is as broad as the science of ecology itself. The journal welcomes submissions from all sub-disciplines of ecological science, as well as interdisciplinary studies relating to ecology. The journal''s goal is to provide a rapid-publication, online-only, open-access alternative to ESA''s other journals, while maintaining the rigorous standards of peer review for which ESA publications are renowned.
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