Qianmeng Zhao, Shaifei Liu, Wen Liu, Mengqian Fu, Zhenyang Xu, Qian Su and Weiguo Cheng
{"title":"聚离子液体的空间功能化促进CO2催化转化为环状碳酸盐†","authors":"Qianmeng Zhao, Shaifei Liu, Wen Liu, Mengqian Fu, Zhenyang Xu, Qian Su and Weiguo Cheng","doi":"10.1039/D4SU00661E","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"<p >Preparation of cyclic carbonates from CO<small><sub>2</sub></small> and epoxides <em>via</em> cycloaddition is a well-established synthetic route, which is not only economical but also in line with the atomic economy. To overcome the problem of the cluster formation of hydrogen-bond donors in functionalized poly(ionic liquid)s, which reduces their catalytic activity, a series of spacer-functionalized poly(ionic liquid) catalysts were developed. In poly(ionic) liquids, the hydrogen-donating effect enhances the intrinsic catalytic performance of the active sites and the long-chain alkyl groups prevent interactions between hydrogen-bond-donor groups, thus increasing the utilization of the active sites. Among the developed poly(ionic liquid) catalysts, the poly(ionic liquid) P[AC<small><sub>12</sub></small>VIM][Br] containing amino groups demonstrated the highest catalytic activity (propylene oxide conversion up to 99%), which was comparable with that of bulky ILs. The best catalytic performance of P[AC<small><sub>12</sub></small>VIM][Br] was attributed owing to its multiple functions in not only activating CO<small><sub>2</sub></small> and epoxides but also stabilizing Br<small><sup>−</sup></small>. Furthermore, the amphiphilicity of amino-functionalized poly(ionic liquid)s boosted their catalytic suitability for epoxide substrates with lipophilic edge groups, which was better than that of conventional poly(ionic liquid)s. Through XPS and NMR analyses, a mechanism of operation is proposed in which imidazole and hydrogen donor groups act co-operatively in epoxy during the reaction to assist in ring-opening. Thus, this study provides a new approach for improving the catalytic performance of poly(ionic liquid) catalysts from the viewpoint of an intrinsic reaction and utilization of the active sites.</p>","PeriodicalId":74745,"journal":{"name":"RSC sustainability","volume":" 3","pages":" 1404-1414"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0000,"publicationDate":"2025-02-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://pubs.rsc.org/en/content/articlepdf/2025/su/d4su00661e?page=search","citationCount":"0","resultStr":"{\"title\":\"Spaced functionalization of poly(ionic liquid)s for boosting the catalytic conversion of CO2 into cyclic carbonates†\",\"authors\":\"Qianmeng Zhao, Shaifei Liu, Wen Liu, Mengqian Fu, Zhenyang Xu, Qian Su and Weiguo Cheng\",\"doi\":\"10.1039/D4SU00661E\",\"DOIUrl\":null,\"url\":null,\"abstract\":\"<p >Preparation of cyclic carbonates from CO<small><sub>2</sub></small> and epoxides <em>via</em> cycloaddition is a well-established synthetic route, which is not only economical but also in line with the atomic economy. To overcome the problem of the cluster formation of hydrogen-bond donors in functionalized poly(ionic liquid)s, which reduces their catalytic activity, a series of spacer-functionalized poly(ionic liquid) catalysts were developed. In poly(ionic) liquids, the hydrogen-donating effect enhances the intrinsic catalytic performance of the active sites and the long-chain alkyl groups prevent interactions between hydrogen-bond-donor groups, thus increasing the utilization of the active sites. Among the developed poly(ionic liquid) catalysts, the poly(ionic liquid) P[AC<small><sub>12</sub></small>VIM][Br] containing amino groups demonstrated the highest catalytic activity (propylene oxide conversion up to 99%), which was comparable with that of bulky ILs. The best catalytic performance of P[AC<small><sub>12</sub></small>VIM][Br] was attributed owing to its multiple functions in not only activating CO<small><sub>2</sub></small> and epoxides but also stabilizing Br<small><sup>−</sup></small>. Furthermore, the amphiphilicity of amino-functionalized poly(ionic liquid)s boosted their catalytic suitability for epoxide substrates with lipophilic edge groups, which was better than that of conventional poly(ionic liquid)s. Through XPS and NMR analyses, a mechanism of operation is proposed in which imidazole and hydrogen donor groups act co-operatively in epoxy during the reaction to assist in ring-opening. Thus, this study provides a new approach for improving the catalytic performance of poly(ionic liquid) catalysts from the viewpoint of an intrinsic reaction and utilization of the active sites.</p>\",\"PeriodicalId\":74745,\"journal\":{\"name\":\"RSC sustainability\",\"volume\":\" 3\",\"pages\":\" 1404-1414\"},\"PeriodicalIF\":0.0000,\"publicationDate\":\"2025-02-12\",\"publicationTypes\":\"Journal Article\",\"fieldsOfStudy\":null,\"isOpenAccess\":false,\"openAccessPdf\":\"https://pubs.rsc.org/en/content/articlepdf/2025/su/d4su00661e?page=search\",\"citationCount\":\"0\",\"resultStr\":null,\"platform\":\"Semanticscholar\",\"paperid\":null,\"PeriodicalName\":\"RSC sustainability\",\"FirstCategoryId\":\"1085\",\"ListUrlMain\":\"https://pubs.rsc.org/en/content/articlelanding/2025/su/d4su00661e\",\"RegionNum\":0,\"RegionCategory\":null,\"ArticlePicture\":[],\"TitleCN\":null,\"AbstractTextCN\":null,\"PMCID\":null,\"EPubDate\":\"\",\"PubModel\":\"\",\"JCR\":\"\",\"JCRName\":\"\",\"Score\":null,\"Total\":0}","platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":null,"PeriodicalName":"RSC sustainability","FirstCategoryId":"1085","ListUrlMain":"https://pubs.rsc.org/en/content/articlelanding/2025/su/d4su00661e","RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":null,"ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":null,"EPubDate":"","PubModel":"","JCR":"","JCRName":"","Score":null,"Total":0}
Spaced functionalization of poly(ionic liquid)s for boosting the catalytic conversion of CO2 into cyclic carbonates†
Preparation of cyclic carbonates from CO2 and epoxides via cycloaddition is a well-established synthetic route, which is not only economical but also in line with the atomic economy. To overcome the problem of the cluster formation of hydrogen-bond donors in functionalized poly(ionic liquid)s, which reduces their catalytic activity, a series of spacer-functionalized poly(ionic liquid) catalysts were developed. In poly(ionic) liquids, the hydrogen-donating effect enhances the intrinsic catalytic performance of the active sites and the long-chain alkyl groups prevent interactions between hydrogen-bond-donor groups, thus increasing the utilization of the active sites. Among the developed poly(ionic liquid) catalysts, the poly(ionic liquid) P[AC12VIM][Br] containing amino groups demonstrated the highest catalytic activity (propylene oxide conversion up to 99%), which was comparable with that of bulky ILs. The best catalytic performance of P[AC12VIM][Br] was attributed owing to its multiple functions in not only activating CO2 and epoxides but also stabilizing Br−. Furthermore, the amphiphilicity of amino-functionalized poly(ionic liquid)s boosted their catalytic suitability for epoxide substrates with lipophilic edge groups, which was better than that of conventional poly(ionic liquid)s. Through XPS and NMR analyses, a mechanism of operation is proposed in which imidazole and hydrogen donor groups act co-operatively in epoxy during the reaction to assist in ring-opening. Thus, this study provides a new approach for improving the catalytic performance of poly(ionic liquid) catalysts from the viewpoint of an intrinsic reaction and utilization of the active sites.