Experimental investigation on the combustion performance of single-glass and double-glazed photovoltaic modules

In pursuit of ‘carbon peaking and carbon neutrality’ objectives, fire incidents have become increasingly common in photovoltaic power generation systems. The combustion performance of photovoltaic modules and EVA film directly influences the overall combustion behavior. To analyze the combustion performance of single-glass and double-glazed modules from leading brands in the market, this study conducted experimental tests using specialized devices such as Fire Propagation Apparatus (FPA) and Single Burning Item (SBI). These tests yielded photovoltaic module's parameters including ignition time and heat release rate. Analysis of the experimental results led to several conclusions. When exposed to thermal radiation, backsheet materials in single-glass modules were more prone to be ignited compared to glass plates, resulting in a broader horizontal flame spread. Double-glazed modules utilized fire-resistant glass instead of PET backsheets in single-glass modules, effectively reducing combustible content. Additionally, fire-resistant glass provided specific fire protection capabilities, making it more challenging for double-glazed modules to be ignited while also lowering total heat release post-ignition. Under similar glass material conditions, double-glazed modules exhibited superior combustion performance compared to their single-glass counterparts. Therefore, locations with high fire risks are recommended to opt for double-glazed photovoltaic modules. Based on these findings from combustion performance testing, this research provides valuable insights for selecting appropriate types of photovoltaic modules based on specific environmental considerations.