The immune system in Hashimoto's thyroiditis: Updating the current state of knowledge on potential therapies and animal model construction

Hashimoto's thyroiditis (HT) is one of the most prevalent endocrine disorders worldwide, and it can occur in people of all ages, including children. HT has a multifactorial pathogenesis and develops after a combination of gene regulation, environmental modifiers, and infection triggers. Various coamplifying feedback chronic inflammatory systems are involved in immune mechanisms, including oxidative stress, lymphocyte infiltration, and thyroid cell death. Furthermore, there is no effective treatment for HT at their roots. Thus, this review systematically summarizes and updates the existing etiology and pathogenesis, potential malignant transformation, emerging therapeutic drugs and animal model construction, making it more convenient for researchers to obtain effective information about HT and better explore potential strategies for short-term treatment of the disease.