Building-integrated photovoltaics with energy storage systems – A comprehensive review

Generally, an energy storage system (ESS) is an effective procedure for minimizing the fluctuation of electric energy produced by renewable energy resources for building-integrated photovoltaics (BIPVs) applications. ESSs are required to store the excess energy and use it later during peak load demand periods. Whereas, it is difficult to justify under which circumstances ESSs can be effectively operated in BIPVs systems. The profitability of BIPVs-combined ESSs is likely to spur a promising trend towards the electricity sector. The evaluation of various developing technical solutions for ESSs with the integration of BIPVs is a highly relevant subject. The current article introduces a comprehensive review of the technologies of ESS in combination with BIPVs, including pumped hydro energy storage systems (PHESSs), compressed air energy storage systems (CAESSs), flywheel energy storage systems (FESSs), battery energy storage systems (BESSs), thermal energy storage systems (TESSs), hydrogen energy storage systems (HESSs), and hybrid ESSs. A techno-economic analysis of the BIPVs with ESSs is highlighted. This study provides an overview of the status, research, developments, applications, barriers, and challenges of BIPVs with ESSs, and finally, the recommendations for future work are identified. Currently, several technologies of ESS integrated with BIPVs show their economic feasibility and effective applicability for load management. The integration between the BIPVs and different technologies of ESSs enhances the system's reliability and reduces dependency on grid electricity.