Application of the 2D high-resolution eco-hydraulics model based on GPU acceleration technology in the Upper Yellow River

This paper presents a high-resolution 2D eco-hydraulics model accelerated by GPU technology, specifically designed for a spawning ground of Gymnocypris eckloni located downstream of the B hydropower station in the Upper Yellow River. The model evaluates the quality of the spawning habitat from April to June during a typical year. The calculation efficiency is improved by 12.1 times eco-hydraulics on a GPU device compared with the simulation on CPU device. The results indicate that while the concentration of dissolved oxygen (DO) meets the spawning requirements, water temperature significantly affects the habitat quality. Through the analysis of Weighted Useable Area (WUA) values and considering the impact of flood pulses on fish, an ecological scheduling scheme for the B hydropower station was developed to simulate the natural runoff process from April 24 to May 24. The implementation of this ecological scheduling scheme facilitates the coordinated development of economic activities and river ecological health. Additionally, it serves as an important reference for the development of ecological flow management measures and programs for other reservoirs.