Human health and genetic technology.

The 1975 Asilomar conference contributed to the misperception that recombinant DNA (rDNA) technology is inherently risky to human health and the environment. It thus paved the way toward process-based regulation of genetically modified organisms (GMOs), such as in the EU. Initially, this regulatory approach obstructed technological uses of rDNA related to human health. However, regulators gradually softened the rules applicable to laboratories or industrial facilities. This encouraged R&D and production of pharmaceuticals derived from GMOs. Nevertheless, administering pharmaceuticals containing GMOs to patients may still be confronted with burdensome process-based GMO law on the deliberate release of GMOs into the environment. On the other hand, pharmaceutical law may need to be updated regarding, for example, novel gene therapies or xenotransplantation.