Chemical composition and pharmacological applications of Casuarina equisetifolia Linn.: A comprehensive review

The widely dispersed evergreen tree Casuarina equisetifolia has drawn notice for its variety of bioactive chemicals and possible therapeutic uses. In order to better understand the possible medicinal benefits of Casuarina equisetifolia, this study will conduct a thorough analysis of its chemical composition. This abstract provides an overview of recent research findings on the isolation, characterization, and bioactivities of phenolic compounds from C.equisetifolia extracts it also delves into the intriguing world of essential oils, exploring their composition, benefits, and applications. Numerous studies have reported the presence of various phenolic compounds in different parts of the C.equisetifolia plant, including leaves, stem, fruit, root and seeds. These compounds encompass a wide range of chemical classes, such as flavonoids, tannins, phenolic acids, and lignans. The extraction and isolation methods employed have allowed for the identification and quantification of these bioactive molecules. Phenolic substances isolated from C.equisetifolia have demonstrated notable antioxidant, antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory, anticancer, and neuroprotective activities in preclinical studies. Moreover, synergistic interactions between phenolic compounds and other natural compounds or conventional drugs have been explored to enhance therapeutic efficacy and minimize adverse effects.