Smart multi-stage energy-emission nexus framework for sustainable supply-demand management and CO2 mitigation

The increasing adoption of net-negative emission (N-NE) technologies, such as renewables, integrated carbon capture and storage (CCS), and potential CO₂ regeneration, is crucial to address energy poverty (SDG-7 and SDG-11) and reduce global CO₂ emission intensity (SDG-13) in non-OECD countries. This study proposes a smart management energy-emission nexus framework for a sustainable energy distribution network (EDN) and CO₂ emission mitigation. The framework integrates flexible demand response, bidirectional supply regulation and carbon-capture capacity planning to optimize the energy performance and avoid wasted storage and generation capacity. It incorporates sustainable transaction governance and conservation strategies to mitigate, supply overload, and minimize CO₂ emission intensity. A smart multi-criteria decision-making (MCDM) procedure with abnormality detection ensure real-time operation and long-term energy-emission nexus management. The framework is validated through a case study in Vietnam, demonstrating a 62.25 % reduction in electricity shortages, an 85.1 % improvement in storage capacity, and a 21.5 % increase in CCS-driven emission restriction. The system regenerates 0.72 kWh of electricity from captured CO₂ emission, achieving a robust reliability rate of 0.71 and a consumer satisfaction score of 0.81 with high economic energy rate of 0.05. The proposed strategies effectively optimize energy distribution and CO₂ emission reduction, contributing to enhanced energy efficiency, sustainability, and resilience in emerging economies.