多金属盐地质弃置设施的安全评估：荷兰案例

IF 3.3 2区工程技术 Q3 ENERGY & FUELS

Geomechanics for Energy and the Environment Pub Date : 2025-03-01 DOI:10.1016/j.gete.2025.100645

Jeroen Bartol, Marja Vuorio

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Safety assessment for a geological disposal facility in domal salt: The Dutch case

In the Netherlands, all radioactive waste is currently collected and stored above ground for at least 100 years by COVRA. After 100 years, all radioactive waste must be permanently disposed of. One option for permanent disposal currently considered is a purpose-built geological disposal facility in rock salt, where a combination of natural and engineered barriers is expected to provide the necessary safety. Rock salt, as a natural barrier, is considered impermeable when undisturbed. Therefore, radionuclides can only reach the surface via the mined openings of the geological disposal facility. Here, multiple engineered barriers provide the necessary safety. In the short term, these include concrete seals, HLW packages, and waste forms. In the long term, moisturized granular salt backfill provides containment. Here, we present the safety assessment of a geological disposal facility in rock salt, using the updated Dutch disposal concept and waste inventory. In total, seven different scenarios are modelled: the (1) normal evolution scenario in which the geological disposal facility evolves as expected, and six alternative scenarios: failure of (2) the high level waste packages, (3) failure of the tunnel seals, (4) failure of the spiral ramp seal, (5) flow path between a brine pocket and mine excavations, (6) less probable characteristics of radionuclide mobilization and transport, (7) and reduced long-term sealing by backfill. Model results show that when the geological disposal facility evolves as expected, no release of radionuclides is expected. Likewise, no release is expected in the six alternative scenarios, although differences exist in the extent to which radionuclides are able to travel within the geological disposal facility. These results indicate that the engineered barriers, combined with the natural barrier of the rock salt, are effective in isolating and providing containment during at the least the first million years after closure.

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来源期刊

Geomechanics for Energy and the Environment Earth and Planetary Sciences-Geotechnical Engineering and Engineering Geology

CiteScore

5.90

自引率

11.80%

发文量

期刊介绍： The aim of the Journal is to publish research results of the highest quality and of lasting importance on the subject of geomechanics, with the focus on applications to geological energy production and storage, and the interaction of soils and rocks with the natural and engineered environment. Special attention is given to concepts and developments of new energy geotechnologies that comprise intrinsic mechanisms protecting the environment against a potential engineering induced damage, hence warranting sustainable usage of energy resources. The scope of the journal is broad, including fundamental concepts in geomechanics and mechanics of porous media, the experiments and analysis of novel phenomena and applications. Of special interest are issues resulting from coupling of particular physics, chemistry and biology of external forcings, as well as of pore fluid/gas and minerals to the solid mechanics of the medium skeleton and pore fluid mechanics. The multi-scale and inter-scale interactions between the phenomena and the behavior representations are also of particular interest. Contributions to general theoretical approach to these issues, but of potential reference to geomechanics in its context of energy and the environment are also most welcome.