The promise of cerebral organoids for neonatology.

Purpose of review: Applying discoveries from basic research to patients in the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) is challenging given the difficulty of modeling this population in animal models, lack of translational relevance from animal models to humans, and scarcity of primary human tissue. Human cell-derived cerebral organoid models are an appealing way to address some of these gaps. In this review, we will touch on previous work to model neonatal conditions in cerebral organoids, some limitations of this approach, and recent strategies that have attempted to address these limitations.

Recent findings: While modeling of neurodevelopmental disorders has been an application of cerebral organoids since their initial description, recent studies have dramatically expanded the types of brain regions and disease models available. Additionally, work to increase the complexity of organoid models by including immune and vascular cells, as well as modeling human heterogeneity with mixed donor organoids will provide new opportunities to model neonatal pathologies.

Summary: Organoids are an attractive model to study human neurodevelopmental pathologies relevant to patients in the neonatal ICU. New technologies will broaden the applicability of these models to neonatal research and their usefulness as a drug screening platform.