Cystoid Macular Edema Following Rhegmatogenous Retinal Detachment Repair Surgery: Incidence, Pathogenesis, Risk Factors and Treatment.

Purpose: To review the incidence, risk factors, and treatments for cystoid macular edema (CME) following rhegmatogenous retinal detachment (RRD) repair surgery.

Methods: A comprehensive literature search was conducted across multiple databases. Relevant studies published within the last 20 years were selected and reviewed.

Results: The incidence of CME following RRD repair ranges from 6% to 36%, with higher rates associated with silicone oil tamponade. Key risk factors include recurrent RRD, pre-existing proliferative vitreoretinopathy, older age, and post-RRD cataract surgery. Treatment options primarily focus on anti-inflammatory approaches, with topical NSAIDs and corticosteroids as first-line treatments. For persistent cases, intravitreal corticosteroid injections, particularly dexamethasone implants, have shown potential.

Conclusion: CME remains a significant complication following RRD repair, impacting visual recovery. While various treatment options exist, management of persistent CME remains challenging. Better understanding of the underlying mechanisms of CME is required to develop more effective treatment strategies, particularly for cases resistant to current therapies.