PREVALENCE AND RISK FACTORS OF UROLITHIASIS AMONG THE POPULATION OF AL-BAHA REGION, SAUDI ARABIA.

Background: Urolithiasis, a common and painful condition, is influenced by various risk factors and can be mitigated through preventive measures. This study aims to assess the prevalence and risk factors of Urolithiasis among adults in Al-Baha region, Saudi Arabia, and to evaluate the public's knowledge and attitudes toward its prevention and management.

Methodology: Researchers conducted a cross-sectional study using electronic questionnaires distributed via social media platforms. The researchers collected data on demographics, BMI, smoking status, chronic diseases, and family history of Urolithiasis. Additionally, the researchers asked participants about their knowledge and attitudes regarding risk factors and preventive measures for Urolithiasis. Researchers performed statistical analyses using SPSS version 26, employing Chi-square and t-tests to assess associations, with significance set at p<0.05.

Results: The study included 633 participants where 377 males (59.6%) and 256 females (40.4%). The age distribution ranged from 18 to 60 years older, with the majority aged 18-29 (38.5%). The prevalence of Urolithiasis was 13.6%, with 41.1% of participants reporting a family history of the condition. The researchers found significant associations between Urolithiasis and age (p<0.001), employment status (p<0.001), smoking (p<0.001), and the presence of chronic diseases (p<0.001). Knowledge about Urolithiasis was significantly associated with age (p=0.014) and employment status (p=0.001). Most participants (94.0%) thought that eating habits affect the occurrence of stones, and 75.8% believed that holding urine frequently causes stone disease. Additionally, 84.0% believed there are non-surgical treatments for stones, and 61.9% thought consuming 2.5 liters of fluid daily reduces stone formation.

Conclusion: The study highlights the significant prevalence of Urolithiasis in the Al-Baha region and underscores the importance of public education on risk factors and preventive measures. Age, employment status, smoking, and chronic diseases were significantly associated with Urolithiasis, emphasizing the need for targeted interventions.