Azza Ramadan, Anan S Jarab, Ahmad Z Al Meslamani, Hebatallah Ahmed Mohamed Moustafa, Amira B Kassem, Abuelnor Mohammed, Wael Osman, Reem Ibrahim, Karem H Alzoubi
{"title":"中东五个国家妇女避孕药具使用和副作用评估：一项横断面研究。","authors":"Azza Ramadan, Anan S Jarab, Ahmad Z Al Meslamani, Hebatallah Ahmed Mohamed Moustafa, Amira B Kassem, Abuelnor Mohammed, Wael Osman, Reem Ibrahim, Karem H Alzoubi","doi":"10.1080/03007995.2025.2472907","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>Contraceptive use and associated adverse effects are underreported in the Middle East. This study aimed to investigate contraceptive use and reported side effects in five Middle Eastern countries.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This study, conducted over eight weeks in the UAE, Egypt, Jordan, Syria, and Iraq, utilized an online closed-ended structured questionnaire to extract the study information. Reproductive-age women were surveyed about hormonal and non-hormonal contraceptive usage practices, frequency, types, and severity of contraceptive-associated side effects. Logistic regression analysis was utilized to determine the predictors of the occurrence of side effects associated with contraceptive use.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The prevalence of contraceptive use was 81.2% (1069/1317). The most common contraceptive methods were combined oral contraceptive pills (46.6%, 511/1069), mini pills (15.4%, 169/1069), and hormonal loops (13.8%, 151/1069). The prevalence of contraceptive-associated side effects was 41.9% (448/1069). The commonly reported mild-to-moderate side effects were irregular menstrual bleeding (87.9%), headaches (88.2%), and mood changes (93.5%). Interestingly, the participants living in Egypt (AOR: 14.58, 95% CI: 4.67-45.53, <i>p</i> = 0.012) and Iraq (AOR: 25.71, 95% CI: 9.93-66.60, <i>p</i> = 0.001) had greater odds of developing contraceptive-related side effects than did their counterparts. Breastfeeding (AOR: 0.43, 95% CI: 0.20-0.92, <i>p</i> = 0.03), hypertension (AOR: 0.50, 95% CI: 0.26-0.99, <i>p</i> = 0.047), and smoking (AOR: 0.43, 95% CI: 0.20-0.90, <i>p</i> = 0.027) status reduced the risk of side effects. Surprisingly, healthcare follow-ups significantly increased the risk of side effects among contraceptive users (AOR: 3.48, 95% CI: 2.03-5.97; <i>p</i> = 0.001).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Many contraceptive users reported experiencing side effects, which are predominantly mild to moderate. This underscores the need for improved patient education and follow-up, especially in Egypt and Iraq.</p>","PeriodicalId":10814,"journal":{"name":"Current Medical Research and Opinion","volume":" ","pages":"1-10"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4000,"publicationDate":"2025-03-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":"0","resultStr":"{\"title\":\"Assessment of contraceptive use and side effects among women in five countries across the Middle East: a cross-sectional study.\",\"authors\":\"Azza Ramadan, Anan S Jarab, Ahmad Z Al Meslamani, Hebatallah Ahmed Mohamed Moustafa, Amira B Kassem, Abuelnor Mohammed, Wael Osman, Reem Ibrahim, Karem H Alzoubi\",\"doi\":\"10.1080/03007995.2025.2472907\",\"DOIUrl\":null,\"url\":null,\"abstract\":\"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>Contraceptive use and associated adverse effects are underreported in the Middle East. This study aimed to investigate contraceptive use and reported side effects in five Middle Eastern countries.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This study, conducted over eight weeks in the UAE, Egypt, Jordan, Syria, and Iraq, utilized an online closed-ended structured questionnaire to extract the study information. Reproductive-age women were surveyed about hormonal and non-hormonal contraceptive usage practices, frequency, types, and severity of contraceptive-associated side effects. Logistic regression analysis was utilized to determine the predictors of the occurrence of side effects associated with contraceptive use.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The prevalence of contraceptive use was 81.2% (1069/1317). The most common contraceptive methods were combined oral contraceptive pills (46.6%, 511/1069), mini pills (15.4%, 169/1069), and hormonal loops (13.8%, 151/1069). The prevalence of contraceptive-associated side effects was 41.9% (448/1069). The commonly reported mild-to-moderate side effects were irregular menstrual bleeding (87.9%), headaches (88.2%), and mood changes (93.5%). Interestingly, the participants living in Egypt (AOR: 14.58, 95% CI: 4.67-45.53, <i>p</i> = 0.012) and Iraq (AOR: 25.71, 95% CI: 9.93-66.60, <i>p</i> = 0.001) had greater odds of developing contraceptive-related side effects than did their counterparts. Breastfeeding (AOR: 0.43, 95% CI: 0.20-0.92, <i>p</i> = 0.03), hypertension (AOR: 0.50, 95% CI: 0.26-0.99, <i>p</i> = 0.047), and smoking (AOR: 0.43, 95% CI: 0.20-0.90, <i>p</i> = 0.027) status reduced the risk of side effects. Surprisingly, healthcare follow-ups significantly increased the risk of side effects among contraceptive users (AOR: 3.48, 95% CI: 2.03-5.97; <i>p</i> = 0.001).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Many contraceptive users reported experiencing side effects, which are predominantly mild to moderate. This underscores the need for improved patient education and follow-up, especially in Egypt and Iraq.</p>\",\"PeriodicalId\":10814,\"journal\":{\"name\":\"Current Medical Research and Opinion\",\"volume\":\" \",\"pages\":\"1-10\"},\"PeriodicalIF\":2.4000,\"publicationDate\":\"2025-03-08\",\"publicationTypes\":\"Journal Article\",\"fieldsOfStudy\":null,\"isOpenAccess\":false,\"openAccessPdf\":\"\",\"citationCount\":\"0\",\"resultStr\":null,\"platform\":\"Semanticscholar\",\"paperid\":null,\"PeriodicalName\":\"Current Medical Research and Opinion\",\"FirstCategoryId\":\"3\",\"ListUrlMain\":\"https://doi.org/10.1080/03007995.2025.2472907\",\"RegionNum\":4,\"RegionCategory\":\"医学\",\"ArticlePicture\":[],\"TitleCN\":null,\"AbstractTextCN\":null,\"PMCID\":null,\"EPubDate\":\"\",\"PubModel\":\"\",\"JCR\":\"Q1\",\"JCRName\":\"MEDICINE, GENERAL & INTERNAL\",\"Score\":null,\"Total\":0}","platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":null,"PeriodicalName":"Current Medical Research and Opinion","FirstCategoryId":"3","ListUrlMain":"https://doi.org/10.1080/03007995.2025.2472907","RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":null,"EPubDate":"","PubModel":"","JCR":"Q1","JCRName":"MEDICINE, GENERAL & INTERNAL","Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
摘要
目的：中东地区对避孕药具的使用和相关不良反应的报道不足。本研究旨在调查五个中东国家避孕药具的使用和副作用。方法：本研究在阿联酋、埃及、约旦、叙利亚和伊拉克进行了为期八周的研究，利用在线封闭式结构化问卷来提取研究信息。对育龄妇女进行了关于激素和非激素避孕药使用情况、频率、类型和避孕药相关副作用严重程度的调查。采用Logistic回归分析确定与避孕药使用相关的副作用发生的预测因素。结果：避孕药使用率为81.2%（1069/1317）。最常见的避孕方法为复方口服避孕药（46.6%,511/1069）、迷你药丸（15.4%,169/1069）和激素循环（13.8%,151/1069）。避孕药相关副作用发生率为41.9%（448/1069）。常见的轻度至中度副作用是月经不规则出血（87.9%）、头痛（88.2%）和情绪变化（93.5%）。有趣的是，生活在埃及（AOR: 14.58, 95% CI: 4.67-45.53, p = 0.012）和伊拉克（AOR: 25.71, 95% CI: 9.93-66.60, p = 0.001）的参与者比他们的同行更有可能出现避孕药相关的副作用。母乳喂养（AOR: 0.43, 95% CI: 0.20-0.92, p = 0.03）、高血压（AOR: 0.50, 95% CI: 0.26-0.99, p = 0.047）和吸烟（AOR: 0.43, 95% CI: 0.20-0.90, p = 0.027）降低了副作用的发生风险。令人惊讶的是，卫生保健随访显著增加避孕药具使用者的副作用风险(AOR: 3.48, 95% CI: 2.03-5.97；p = 0.001)。结论：许多避孕药使用者报告了副作用，这些副作用主要是轻度到中度。这强调了改善患者教育和随访的必要性，特别是在埃及和伊拉克。
Assessment of contraceptive use and side effects among women in five countries across the Middle East: a cross-sectional study.
Purpose: Contraceptive use and associated adverse effects are underreported in the Middle East. This study aimed to investigate contraceptive use and reported side effects in five Middle Eastern countries.
Methods: This study, conducted over eight weeks in the UAE, Egypt, Jordan, Syria, and Iraq, utilized an online closed-ended structured questionnaire to extract the study information. Reproductive-age women were surveyed about hormonal and non-hormonal contraceptive usage practices, frequency, types, and severity of contraceptive-associated side effects. Logistic regression analysis was utilized to determine the predictors of the occurrence of side effects associated with contraceptive use.
Results: The prevalence of contraceptive use was 81.2% (1069/1317). The most common contraceptive methods were combined oral contraceptive pills (46.6%, 511/1069), mini pills (15.4%, 169/1069), and hormonal loops (13.8%, 151/1069). The prevalence of contraceptive-associated side effects was 41.9% (448/1069). The commonly reported mild-to-moderate side effects were irregular menstrual bleeding (87.9%), headaches (88.2%), and mood changes (93.5%). Interestingly, the participants living in Egypt (AOR: 14.58, 95% CI: 4.67-45.53, p = 0.012) and Iraq (AOR: 25.71, 95% CI: 9.93-66.60, p = 0.001) had greater odds of developing contraceptive-related side effects than did their counterparts. Breastfeeding (AOR: 0.43, 95% CI: 0.20-0.92, p = 0.03), hypertension (AOR: 0.50, 95% CI: 0.26-0.99, p = 0.047), and smoking (AOR: 0.43, 95% CI: 0.20-0.90, p = 0.027) status reduced the risk of side effects. Surprisingly, healthcare follow-ups significantly increased the risk of side effects among contraceptive users (AOR: 3.48, 95% CI: 2.03-5.97; p = 0.001).
Conclusion: Many contraceptive users reported experiencing side effects, which are predominantly mild to moderate. This underscores the need for improved patient education and follow-up, especially in Egypt and Iraq.
期刊介绍：
Current Medical Research and Opinion is a MEDLINE-indexed, peer-reviewed, international journal for the rapid publication of original research on new and existing drugs and therapies, Phase II-IV studies, and post-marketing investigations. Equivalence, safety and efficacy/effectiveness studies are especially encouraged. Preclinical, Phase I, pharmacoeconomic, outcomes and quality of life studies may also be considered if there is clear clinical relevance
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