Unanticipated recurrence of muscle-invasive bladder cancer: A case report

Muscle-invasive bladder cancer management often involves radical cystectomy, but bladder preservation protocols have gained recognition as a low-morbidity alternative for the management of carefully selected patients. However, close follow-up is crucial for prompt diagnosis of cancer recurrence. We report a case of muscle-invasive bladder cancer managed using a bladder preservation approach. Although cystoscopy and random biopsy findings appeared unremarkable during follow-up, tumor recurrence occurred in the muscular propria without involving the bladder mucosa. This case underscores the importance of revising follow-up protocols to ensure optimal patient care.