采用直销方式的多品种牧场经济效益和环境影响的多变量分析

IF 6.1 1区 农林科学 Q1 AGRICULTURE, MULTIDISCIPLINARY
Pascal Genest-Richard , Caroline Halde , Isabelle Breune , Patrick Mundler , Nicolas Devillers
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引用次数: 0

摘要

在世界范围内,畜牧业被认为是造成气候变化、资源利用、健康和污染问题的一个重要因素。在全球北方,对替代食品网络和短供应链日益增长的兴趣已影响到畜牧业,在畜牧业中,我们发现越来越多的农场在牧场上饲养多物种畜群,并直接向最终消费者销售其产品。本研究的目的是评估使用直接营销的多物种牧场的经济绩效和环境影响,与大规模专业化畜牧业经营相比,直接营销是一种新颖的农场模式。方法以曲海省15个采用直销方式的多品种放牧养殖场为样本,根据养殖场结构、经济指标和环境指标进行主成分分析。随后,我们使用分层聚类将农场分为三组,并通过方差分析对它们进行比较。结果与结论集约化农场的动物负荷高,单胃动物比例高,他们饲养的是购买的谷物饲料。这种对进口饲料的依赖产生了负面的经济和环境影响。粗放型集群的农场通过购买断奶仔猪进行季节性肥育,补充了传统的小牛养殖模式,因此动物密度低,对环境的影响也小。其他种类的动物被添加到畜群中,为他们的直销客户服务,使整体经济表现强劲。Thrifty集群中的一些农场生产农作物,这有助于通过粪便循环减少对环境的影响,并使其活动在经济上多样化。这些农场有更好的资源优化策略,通过在农场进行一定程度的加工来增加产品的价值。虽然所有农场都有一定数量的土地用于牧场或饲料生产,但曲海省采用直销的多品种放牧系统并不是完全一体化的作物-牲畜系统。从事作物生产活动的农场,即使与其畜牧业经营无关,似乎也能从作物和畜牧业生产之间某种程度的整合中获益,其形式是通过在牧场上处理粪便进行养分循环,减少了对环境的影响。动物密度较高和单胃动物比例较高的农场购买谷物饲料,既可能对环境造成负面影响,也可能降低其经济效益。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。

Multivariate analysis of economic performance and environmental impacts of multispecies pastured livestock farms using direct marketing

Multivariate analysis of economic performance and environmental impacts of multispecies pastured livestock farms using direct marketing

CONTEXT

Worldwide, the livestock sector was found to be an important contributor to climate change, resource use, health, and pollution issues. In the Global North, the growing interest in alternative food networks and short supply chains has reached the livestock sector, within which we find an increasing number of farms raising multi-species herds on pasture and marketing their products directly to the end consumer.

OBJECTIVE

The objective of this study was to assess the economic performance and environmental impacts of multispecies pastured livestock farms using direct marketing, a farm model that can be considered novel and alternative when compared to large-scale specialized livestock operations.

METHOD

From a sample of 15 multispecies pastured livestock farms using direct marketing in Québec, we conducted a principal component analysis according to farm structure, economic and environmental indicators. We subsequently divided the farms in three groups using hierarchical clustering and compared them through an analysis of variance.

RESULTS AND CONCLUSIONS

Farms grouped in the Intensive cluster had a high animal load and high proportion of monogastric animals to which they fed purchased grain feed. This reliance on imported feed had negative economic and environmental impacts. Farms in the Extensive cluster supplemented a traditional cow-calf farming model with purchased weaners for seasonal finishing, thus presenting low animal densities and low environmental impacts. Other animal species were added to the herd to serve their direct-marketing clients, making for overall strong economic performances. Some farms in the Thrifty cluster produced crops, which helped lower their environmental impacts through manure cycling and economically diversify their activities. These farms had better resource optimization strategies and added value to their products though some level of processing on the farm.

SIGNIFICANCE

While all farms dedicated a certain amount of land to pasture or forage production, multispecies pastured livestock systems using direct marketing in Québec are not fully integrated crop-livestock systems. Farms with crop production activities, even when unrelated to their livestock operation, appeared to benefit from some level of integration between their crop and livestock productions in the form of a reduction of their environmental impacts through nutrient cycling by manure disposal on pasture. Farms with a higher animal density and higher proportion of monogastric animals fed purchased grain feed ran the risk of both causing negative environmental impacts and reducing their economic performances.
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来源期刊
Agricultural Systems
Agricultural Systems 农林科学-农业综合
CiteScore
13.30
自引率
7.60%
发文量
174
审稿时长
30 days
期刊介绍: Agricultural Systems is an international journal that deals with interactions - among the components of agricultural systems, among hierarchical levels of agricultural systems, between agricultural and other land use systems, and between agricultural systems and their natural, social and economic environments. The scope includes the development and application of systems analysis methodologies in the following areas: Systems approaches in the sustainable intensification of agriculture; pathways for sustainable intensification; crop-livestock integration; farm-level resource allocation; quantification of benefits and trade-offs at farm to landscape levels; integrative, participatory and dynamic modelling approaches for qualitative and quantitative assessments of agricultural systems and decision making; The interactions between agricultural and non-agricultural landscapes; the multiple services of agricultural systems; food security and the environment; Global change and adaptation science; transformational adaptations as driven by changes in climate, policy, values and attitudes influencing the design of farming systems; Development and application of farming systems design tools and methods for impact, scenario and case study analysis; managing the complexities of dynamic agricultural systems; innovation systems and multi stakeholder arrangements that support or promote change and (or) inform policy decisions.
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