Tumores germinales

Germ cell tumors are a heterogeneous group of neoplasms that originate from germ cells, the precursor cells of the gametes. These tumors can occur in various anatomical locations, both in the gonads (testes and ovaries) and in extragonadal sites (mediastinum, retroperitoneum, and central nervous system). The etiopathogenesis of germ cell tumors involves a combination of genetic and environmental factors. They are classified into two main categories: seminomatous and nonseminomatous germ cell tumors, each with specific subtypes. This text addresses the predisposing factors, classification, natural history, forms of onset, patterns of progression, complications, special situations, diagnosis, staging, and treatment of germ cell tumors. The aim of this analysis is to provide a comprehensive vision that facilitates the understanding of these tumors and the optimization of therapeutic strategies.