Serverless federated learning: Decentralized spectrum sensing in heterogeneous networks

Federated learning (FL) has gained more popularity due to the increasing demand for robust and efficient mechanisms to ensure data privacy and security during collaborative model training in the concept of artificial intelligence/machine learning (AI/ML). This study proposes an advanced version of FL without the central server, called a serverless or decentralized federated learning framework, to address the challenge of cooperative spectrum sensing in non-independent and identically distributed (non-IID) environments. The framework leverages local model aggregation at neighboring nodes to improve robustness, privacy, and generalizability. The system incorporates weighted aggregation based on distributional similarity between local datasets using Wasserstein distance. The results demonstrate that the proposed serverless federated learning framework offers a satisfactory performance in terms of accuracy and resilience.