难民和被迫流离失所者的心理健康:叙述回顾。

Consortium psychiatricum Pub Date : 2024-12-19 eCollection Date: 2024-01-01 DOI:10.17816/CP15552
Samvel Sukiasyan
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引用次数: 0

摘要

背景:当今紧迫的全球问题之一是难民和被迫流离失所者的移徙问题。难民或被迫流离失所状态对一个人的心理健康有重大影响,患抑郁症、焦虑症、创伤后应激障碍和精神病的风险很高。目的:对军事行动导致的难民和被迫流离失所者的心理健康状况进行文献回顾和评价。方法:文献检索不受发表日期限制,重点检索近二十年的文献。在谷歌Scholar和PubMed数据库中使用以下关键字和短语进行搜索:“移民”、“移民”、“难民”、“被迫流离失所者”、“心理健康”、“精神障碍”、“精神障碍”。该分析包括讨论和评估移民的社会、心理和临床方面的研究。该综述包括以英语、俄语和西班牙语发表的原始研究和荟萃分析。采用描述性分析对结果进行总结。结果:文献综述表明,全球移民水平已经达到了一个高点,并且由于现有的地缘政治条件,这一趋势将继续下去。即使是有限且难以比较的流行病学数据也表明,超过四分之一的移民患有精神障碍。这些主要包括抑郁、焦虑和创伤后应激障碍。除了给难民和被迫流离失所者本身造成和加剧问题外,它们还对难民收容国的社会服务和保健系统构成严重挑战。文献综述表明,被迫流离失所在精神障碍的发展中起着重要作用,并强调了几个相关因素的重要性。结论:本综述强调迫切需要标准化难民和被迫流离失所者的筛查方法,建立统一的诊断评估方法,以及对精神卫生专业人员的专门培训。需要大规模规划,在受敌对行动影响的国家支持和实施可持续的全球精神卫生措施。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
The Mental Health of Refugees and Forcibly Displaced People: A Narrative Review.

Background: One of the pressing global issues today is the matter of refugees and forcibly displaced people migration. Refugee or forcibly displaced status has a significant impact on a person's mental health, with a high risk of developing depression, anxiety, post-traumatic stress disorder and psychotic disorders.

Aim: To conduct a literature review and evaluate the mental health status of refugees and forcibly displaced people due to military action.

Methods: The search of literature was conducted without any restrictions on the publication date, with a focus on articles from the past two decades. The search was conducted in the Google Scholar and PubMed databases using the following keywords and phrases: "migration", "migrants", "refugees", "forcibly displaced people", "mental health", "mental disorder", "psychiatric disorders". This analysis included studies that discussed and evaluated the social, psychological, and clinical aspects of migration. The review included original research and meta-analyses published in English, Russian, and Spanish. Descriptive analysis was applied to summarize the results.

Results: The literature review showed that global migration levels have reached a high point, and this trend continues due to the existing geopolitical conditions. Even limited and difficult-to-compare epidemiological data demonstrate that more than a quarter of migrants suffer from mental disorders. These primarily include depression, anxiety, and post-traumatic stress disorders. Apart from creating and exacerbating problems for the refugees and forcibly displaced people themselves, they also pose serious challenges to the social services and healthcare systems of refugee-hosting countries. The literature review demonstrated that forced displacement plays a role in the development of mental disorders, and also emphasizes the significance of several associated factors.

Conclusion: This review emphasizes the urgent need for standardizing screening methods for refugees and forcibly displaced people, creating unified approaches to diagnostic evaluation, as well as specialized training for mental health professionals. Large-scale programs are needed to support and implement sustainable global mental health measures in the countries affected by hostilities.

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