超高速双向充电器支撑电网的功率解耦方法

IF 7.9 Q1 ENGINEERING, ELECTRICAL & ELECTRONIC
Alessandro Roveri;Vincenzo Mallemaci;Fabio Mandrile;Radu Bojoi
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引用次数: 0

摘要

随着电动汽车市场呈指数级增长的趋势,全球范围内超快速直流充电基础设施的安装正在迅速增加。超高速直流充电器由于其不连续和不可预测的高功率吸收,对电力系统的稳定性提出了挑战。然而,它们对电网运行的负面影响可以通过使它们双向,利用电动汽车电池或安装的单独存储的能量来减轻。因此,电力系统可以利用这一能量来处理电网意外的大功率不平衡。此外,超高速直流充电器可以通过将虚拟同步机(VSM)算法嵌入其ac/dc级,即主动前端(AFE)转换器单元,从而有助于电力系统的稳定性。因此,充电站能够提供通常由传统同步发电机负责的电网服务,例如故障时的惯性行为和短路电流注入,以触发线路保护。然而,由于有功功率耦合,惯性有功功率的提供涉及不可忽略的无功功率贡献,从而增加了变流器的输出电流。然而,电力耦合也会影响故障时的电网支撑。事实上,当AFE向电网注入短路电流时,波动的有功功率可以从电网传播到电动汽车,从而导致电动汽车电池退化的潜在原因。因此,本文提出了一种基于前馈的解耦方案,在超高速直流充电器AFE提供电网支持的情况下,保证有功无功动态解耦的完全性。此外,在电动汽车正常充电过程中,当参考功率发生变化时,该方法也能保证完全解耦的动态响应。在一个缩小的15 kVA两电平三相逆变器上对所提解耦算法进行了实验验证,仿真了超高速直流充电器的AFE。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
Power Decoupling Methods for Grid Support Provided by Ultra-Fast Bidirectional Chargers
The installation of ultra-fast dc charging infrastructures is rapidly increasing worldwide in response to the exponential growing trend of electric vehicle (EV) market. Due to their discontinuous and unpredictable high power absorption, ultra-fast dc chargers pose a challenge for the power system stability. However, their negative impact on the grid operation can be mitigated by making them bidirectional, leveraging the energy stored in EV batteries or in the installed separate storage. Therefore, the power system can exploit this amount of energy to deal with unexpected grid large power imbalances. Moreover, ultra-fast dc chargers can contribute to power system stability by embedding virtual synchronous machine (VSM) algorithms into their ac/dc stage, i.e., the active front-end (AFE) converter unit. The charging station is thus enabled to provide grid services normally in charge of traditional synchronous generators, such as inertial behavior and short circuit current injection during faults to trigger line protections. However, the provision of inertial active power involves a non-negligible reactive power contribution due to the active-reactive power coupling, thus increasing the output current of the converter. Nevertheless, the power coupling also affects the grid support during faults. Indeed, when the AFE injects a short circuit current into the grid, a fluctuating active power can propagate from the grid to the EVs, resulting in a potential cause of degradation for the EV batteries. Therefore, this article proposes a feedforward-based decoupling solution to guarantee the complete active–reactive power dynamic decoupling while the AFE of an ultra-fast dc charger is providing grid support. Moreover, the proposed method ensures a full-decoupled dynamic response also in case of power references variation during the normal EV charging operation. The proposed decoupling algorithm is experimentally validated on a down-scaled 15 kVA two-level three-phase inverter, emulating the AFE of the ultra-fast dc charger.
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