Microstructural characterization to reveal evidence of shock deformation in a Campo del Cielo meteorite fragment

For materials scientists and engineers, the extreme and unusual conditions in which meteorites and their microstructures form allow for insight into materials which would exist at the edge of our thermomechanical processing abilities. One such microstructure found in low-shock event iron meteorites is Neumann bands. These bands are arrays of lenticular deformation twins that form throughout the FeNi matrix with numerous intersections, resulting in many high stress and strain regions within the material's surface. These regions and the shocks that formed them encourage atypical strain accommodating mechanisms and structural changes of the material. However, investigation of the deformation twin intersections and the microstructural behaviour in and around these regions has been limited. In this work, investigation of these regions in a Campo del Cielo meteorite fragment, with electron backscatter diffraction (EBSD) and forescatter electron (FSE) imaging, revealed two primary findings: high-intensity pattern doubling mirrored across the {110} band at twin-twin intersection and microband formation across the sample surface, suggesting multilayer twinning and constraint of the crystal structure at twin-twin intersection points. Microbands were found to form along the {110} plane and in regions near Neumann bands. The simultaneous existence of Neumann bands (microtwins) and microbands is presented here for a BCC material, and it is believed the Neumann band and microbands formed during different types and/or shock events from one another. The presence of both Neumann bands and microbands within a BCC iron meteorite is previously unreported and may be valuable in furthering our understanding of shock deformation within iron-based materials.