Theories and applications of phase-change related rock mechanics in oil and gas reservoirs

Considering the three typical phase-change related rock mechanics phenomena during drilling and production in oil and gas reservoirs, which include phase change of solid alkane-related mixtures upon heating, sand liquefaction induced by sudden pressure release of the over-pressured sand body, and formation collapse due to gasification of pore fillings from pressure reduction, this study first systematically analyzes the progress of theoretical understanding, experimental methods, and mathematical representation, then discusses the engineering application scenarios corresponding to the three phenomena and reveals the mechanical principles and application effectiveness. Based on these research efforts, the study further discusses the significant challenges, potential developmental trends, and research approaches that require urgent exploration. The findings disclose that various phase-related rock mechanics phenomena require specific experimental and mathematical methods that can produce multi-field coupling mechanical mechanisms, which will eventually instruct the control on resource exploitation, evaluation on disaster level, and analysis of formation stability. To meet the development needs of the principle, future research efforts should focus on mining more phase-change related rock mechanics phenomena during oil and gas resources exploitation, developing novel experimental equipment, and using techniques of artificial intelligence and digital twins to implement real-time simulation and dynamic visualization of phase-change related rock mechanics.