新生儿呼吸病理的影像学和超声表现:诊断的观点。

Alexandra Elena Popa, Eliza Elena Cinteza, Simona Daniela Popescu, Adriana Tecuci, Simona Vladareanu
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引用次数: 0

摘要

背景:新生儿呼吸系统疾病的评估和管理需要精确和仔细的诊断方法,特别是对于呼吸系统并发症风险较高的早产儿。本研究比较肺超声(LUS)和胸部x线诊断和监测呼吸条件的早产儿和足月新生儿。方法:我们对82例胎龄在31-41周、以呼吸窘迫综合征(RDS)为诊断分类的早产儿和足月婴儿进行了新生儿呼吸系统疾病影像学检查的前瞻性分析,这些婴儿在出生后立即入住新生儿重症监护病房(NICU)。结果:最常见的诊断为中度RDS, 17例,其次为新生儿中度短暂性呼吸急促(TTN) 16例,重度RDS 14例,胎粪吸入综合征(MAS) 12例。此外,7例患者表现为轻度RDS, 6例被诊断为先天性肺炎。重度TTN 4例,轻度TTN 4例,气胸2例。本研究确定了超声和放射检查结果,旨在强调早产儿和足月新生儿呼吸系统疾病评估和管理的当前趋势。结果表明,由于超声的优点,特别是在呼吸障碍风险较高的早产儿中,超声的使用呈增加趋势。结论:超声的优点,包括无辐射和动态成像能力,使其成为持续评估和管理的有价值的工具。虽然x射线在某些临床情况下仍然是一种重要的成像工具,但应该明智地使用它,以尽量减少辐射暴露。这些发现支持超声在新生儿实践中的持续整合,并建议进一步研究优化成像方案,以改善新生儿的长期预后。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
Radiological and Ultrasound Findings in Neonatal Respiratory Pathology: Perspectives in Diagnosis.

Background: The evaluation and management of neonatal respiratory pathologies require precise and careful diagnostic approaches, particularly in preterm infants who are at higher risk of respiratory complications. This research compares lung ultrasound (LUS) and chest X-ray for diagnosing and monitoring respiratory conditions in preterm and term neonates.

Methods: We conducted a prospective analysis of the imaging practices for neonatal respiratory pathologies in a cohort of 82 preterm and term infants with a gestational age ranging from 31-41 weeks presenting with respiratory distress syndrome (RDS) diagnostically categorized based on clinical and paraclinical investigations, who were admitted to the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) immediately after birth.

Results: The most common diagnosis was moderate RDS, which affected 17 neonates, followed by moderate transient tachypnea of the newborn (TTN) in 16 patients, severe RDS in 14 patients and meconium aspiration syndrome (MAS) in 12 patients. Additionally, seven patients presented with mild RDS and six were diagnosed with congenital pneumonia. There were four cases of severe TTN, four cases of mild TTN and only two cases of pneumothorax. This study identified the ultrasound and radiological findings and aimed to highlight the current trend in the evaluation and management of respiratory conditions in preterm and term neonates. The results demonstrate an increasing trend in the use of ultrasound due to its advantages, especially in preterm patients who are at higher risk of respiratory impairment.

Conclusion: The benefits of ultrasound, including absence of radiation and dynamic imaging capabilities, make it a valuable tool for ongoing assessment and management. While X-rays remain an important imaging tool in certain clinical scenarios, their use should be judicious to minimize radiation exposure. These findings support the continued integration of ultrasound in neonatal practice and suggest further research into optimizing imaging protocols to improve long-term outcomes for neonates.

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