Domenico Plantone, Matteo Pardini, Carlo Manco, Delia Righi, Paolo Alessandro Alì, Dario Arnaldi, Virginia Pelagotti, Federico Massa, Miriana d'Alessandro, Elena Bargagli, Nicola De Stefano
{"title":"早期阿尔茨海默病的CSF IL-6、GDF-15、GFAP和NfL水平：一项初步研究","authors":"Domenico Plantone, Matteo Pardini, Carlo Manco, Delia Righi, Paolo Alessandro Alì, Dario Arnaldi, Virginia Pelagotti, Federico Massa, Miriana d'Alessandro, Elena Bargagli, Nicola De Stefano","doi":"10.1177/17562864251314773","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Despite their potential usefulness as biomarkers, no study has investigated the interactions between cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) changes of neurofilament light chain (NfL), glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP), growth differentiation factor 15 (GDF-15), transactive response DNA binding protein (TDP-43) and interleukin-6 (IL-6) and the core AD CSF biomarkers in the same cohort of AD patients.</p><p><strong>Objectives: </strong>The aim of this pilot study is to evaluate the CSF levels of these analytes in patients with AD and assess their clinical relevance in this neurological condition.</p><p><strong>Design: </strong>Cross-sectional study.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We assessed the levels of NfL, GFAP, GDF-15, TDP-43 and IL-6 in the CSF samples of 52 early AD patients and evaluated their partial reciprocal correlations and those with Abeta42, p-Tau, t-Tau and Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE), always adding age, sex and educational level as covariates.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>MMSE score showed a positive correlation with the Aβ 1-42 concentrations (<i>r</i> = 0.485; <i>p</i> < 0.001), and a negative correlation with GDF-15 concentrations (<i>r</i> = -0.418; <i>p</i> = 0.002). IL-6 concentrations showed a positive correlation with NfL concentrations (<i>r</i> = 0.312; <i>p</i> = 0.026) and a negative correlation with TDP-43 concentrations (<i>r</i> = -0.322; <i>p</i> = 0.021). TDP-43 concentrations showed a positive correlation with GFAP (<i>r</i> = 0.33, <i>p</i> = 0.018). The mediation analysis suggests that the association between GDF-15 and MMSE is primarily mediated by Aβ 1-42. CSF GDF-15 concentrations were higher in AD patients with low Aβ 1-42 concentrations than those with high Aβ 1-42 concentrations (<i>p</i> < 0.001).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Our findings highlight that CSF IL-6 levels correlate positively with markers of neuronal damage. CSF TDP-43 levels significantly correlated with GFAP, suggesting a potential link with reactive gliosis and astrocyte activation. In addition, while CSF GDF-15 levels negatively correlate with MMSE scores, mediation analysis revealed that this association is primarily indirect and mediated through Aβ 1-42 levels.</p>","PeriodicalId":22980,"journal":{"name":"Therapeutic Advances in Neurological Disorders","volume":"18 ","pages":"17562864251314773"},"PeriodicalIF":4.7000,"publicationDate":"2025-02-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11837071/pdf/","citationCount":"0","resultStr":"{\"title\":\"CSF IL-6, GDF-15, GFAP and NfL levels in early Alzheimer disease: a pilot study.\",\"authors\":\"Domenico Plantone, Matteo Pardini, Carlo Manco, Delia Righi, Paolo Alessandro Alì, Dario Arnaldi, Virginia Pelagotti, Federico Massa, Miriana d'Alessandro, Elena Bargagli, Nicola De Stefano\",\"doi\":\"10.1177/17562864251314773\",\"DOIUrl\":null,\"url\":null,\"abstract\":\"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Despite their potential usefulness as biomarkers, no study has investigated the interactions between cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) changes of neurofilament light chain (NfL), glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP), growth differentiation factor 15 (GDF-15), transactive response DNA binding protein (TDP-43) and interleukin-6 (IL-6) and the core AD CSF biomarkers in the same cohort of AD patients.</p><p><strong>Objectives: </strong>The aim of this pilot study is to evaluate the CSF levels of these analytes in patients with AD and assess their clinical relevance in this neurological condition.</p><p><strong>Design: </strong>Cross-sectional study.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We assessed the levels of NfL, GFAP, GDF-15, TDP-43 and IL-6 in the CSF samples of 52 early AD patients and evaluated their partial reciprocal correlations and those with Abeta42, p-Tau, t-Tau and Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE), always adding age, sex and educational level as covariates.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>MMSE score showed a positive correlation with the Aβ 1-42 concentrations (<i>r</i> = 0.485; <i>p</i> < 0.001), and a negative correlation with GDF-15 concentrations (<i>r</i> = -0.418; <i>p</i> = 0.002). IL-6 concentrations showed a positive correlation with NfL concentrations (<i>r</i> = 0.312; <i>p</i> = 0.026) and a negative correlation with TDP-43 concentrations (<i>r</i> = -0.322; <i>p</i> = 0.021). TDP-43 concentrations showed a positive correlation with GFAP (<i>r</i> = 0.33, <i>p</i> = 0.018). The mediation analysis suggests that the association between GDF-15 and MMSE is primarily mediated by Aβ 1-42. CSF GDF-15 concentrations were higher in AD patients with low Aβ 1-42 concentrations than those with high Aβ 1-42 concentrations (<i>p</i> < 0.001).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Our findings highlight that CSF IL-6 levels correlate positively with markers of neuronal damage. CSF TDP-43 levels significantly correlated with GFAP, suggesting a potential link with reactive gliosis and astrocyte activation. In addition, while CSF GDF-15 levels negatively correlate with MMSE scores, mediation analysis revealed that this association is primarily indirect and mediated through Aβ 1-42 levels.</p>\",\"PeriodicalId\":22980,\"journal\":{\"name\":\"Therapeutic Advances in Neurological Disorders\",\"volume\":\"18 \",\"pages\":\"17562864251314773\"},\"PeriodicalIF\":4.7000,\"publicationDate\":\"2025-02-19\",\"publicationTypes\":\"Journal Article\",\"fieldsOfStudy\":null,\"isOpenAccess\":false,\"openAccessPdf\":\"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11837071/pdf/\",\"citationCount\":\"0\",\"resultStr\":null,\"platform\":\"Semanticscholar\",\"paperid\":null,\"PeriodicalName\":\"Therapeutic Advances in Neurological Disorders\",\"FirstCategoryId\":\"3\",\"ListUrlMain\":\"https://doi.org/10.1177/17562864251314773\",\"RegionNum\":2,\"RegionCategory\":\"医学\",\"ArticlePicture\":[],\"TitleCN\":null,\"AbstractTextCN\":null,\"PMCID\":null,\"EPubDate\":\"2025/1/1 0:00:00\",\"PubModel\":\"eCollection\",\"JCR\":\"Q1\",\"JCRName\":\"CLINICAL NEUROLOGY\",\"Score\":null,\"Total\":0}","platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":null,"PeriodicalName":"Therapeutic Advances in Neurological Disorders","FirstCategoryId":"3","ListUrlMain":"https://doi.org/10.1177/17562864251314773","RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":null,"EPubDate":"2025/1/1 0:00:00","PubModel":"eCollection","JCR":"Q1","JCRName":"CLINICAL NEUROLOGY","Score":null,"Total":0}
CSF IL-6, GDF-15, GFAP and NfL levels in early Alzheimer disease: a pilot study.
Background: Despite their potential usefulness as biomarkers, no study has investigated the interactions between cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) changes of neurofilament light chain (NfL), glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP), growth differentiation factor 15 (GDF-15), transactive response DNA binding protein (TDP-43) and interleukin-6 (IL-6) and the core AD CSF biomarkers in the same cohort of AD patients.
Objectives: The aim of this pilot study is to evaluate the CSF levels of these analytes in patients with AD and assess their clinical relevance in this neurological condition.
Design: Cross-sectional study.
Methods: We assessed the levels of NfL, GFAP, GDF-15, TDP-43 and IL-6 in the CSF samples of 52 early AD patients and evaluated their partial reciprocal correlations and those with Abeta42, p-Tau, t-Tau and Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE), always adding age, sex and educational level as covariates.
Results: MMSE score showed a positive correlation with the Aβ 1-42 concentrations (r = 0.485; p < 0.001), and a negative correlation with GDF-15 concentrations (r = -0.418; p = 0.002). IL-6 concentrations showed a positive correlation with NfL concentrations (r = 0.312; p = 0.026) and a negative correlation with TDP-43 concentrations (r = -0.322; p = 0.021). TDP-43 concentrations showed a positive correlation with GFAP (r = 0.33, p = 0.018). The mediation analysis suggests that the association between GDF-15 and MMSE is primarily mediated by Aβ 1-42. CSF GDF-15 concentrations were higher in AD patients with low Aβ 1-42 concentrations than those with high Aβ 1-42 concentrations (p < 0.001).
Conclusion: Our findings highlight that CSF IL-6 levels correlate positively with markers of neuronal damage. CSF TDP-43 levels significantly correlated with GFAP, suggesting a potential link with reactive gliosis and astrocyte activation. In addition, while CSF GDF-15 levels negatively correlate with MMSE scores, mediation analysis revealed that this association is primarily indirect and mediated through Aβ 1-42 levels.
期刊介绍：
Therapeutic Advances in Neurological Disorders is a peer-reviewed, open access journal delivering the highest quality articles, reviews, and scholarly comment on pioneering efforts and innovative studies across all areas of neurology. The journal has a strong clinical and pharmacological focus and is aimed at clinicians and researchers in neurology, providing a forum in print and online for publishing the highest quality articles in this area.
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